Centos7下靜默安裝Oracle 11g(無圖形化界面)
說明:
- 因爲是靜默安裝,所以我們不需要安裝圖形界面
前期準備
1. 準備Centos 7的系統環境
- 系統版本:Centos X64 7.2.1511 (騰訊雲)
- 內核版本:3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64
- 系統配置:1c,2G
- 交換空間:
可用內存 | 需要交換空間 |
---|---|
介於1 GB和2 GB之間 | RAM大小的1.5倍 |
介於2 GB和16 GB之間 | 等於RAM的大小 |
超過16 GB | 16 GB |
默認是不提供swap分區的,這裏需要自己動手加一下
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap bs=1024 count=2048000
mkswap /swap
chmod 600 /swap
swapon /swap
echo "/swap swap swap default 0 0">>/etc/fstab #設置成自動掛載
2. 配置hostname
hostnamectl set-hostname oracledb
echo "127.0.0.1 oracledb" >>/etc/hosts
3. 關閉selinux
sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
2. 下載Oracle
官方網站:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/
根據自己的服務器,下載相應的軟件,我的系統是64位的,所以下載的是 Linux x86-64的,下載完的兩個文件如下
- linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
- linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
3. 檢查軟件依賴環境
注意:從Oracle 11g 11.2.0.2版本開始,在Linux x86_64上安裝時,只需要安裝64位的軟件包,但是,對於11.2.0.2之前的任何Oracle database 11g,下表中列出的32位和64位的安裝包都必須安裝
需要安裝的依賴包(版本號只能大於規定的版本,不能小於)
binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.i686
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.x86_64
gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686
glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64
make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64
unixODBC-2.3.1-6.el7.i686
unixODBC-2.3.1-6.el7.x86_64
unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-6.el7.i686
unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-6.el7.x86_64
安裝命令:
yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
安裝完成後,檢查依賴是否安裝成功
rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"
注:我使用的是騰訊雲,騰訊雲的yum源裏已經有了,如果您用的是其它環境的,沒有哪個依賴包,就手動裝下即可。
4. 創建所需的操作系統組和用戶
如果要安裝Oracle數據庫,則需要以下本地操作系統組和用戶:
- Oracle inventory組(通常爲 oinstall)
- OSDBA組 (通常爲 dba)
- OSOPER組 (通常爲 oper)
- Oracle軟件所有者(通常爲 oracle)
添加命令:
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
修改oracle用戶密碼
passwd oracle
5. 配置內核參數和資源限制
- 在
/etc/sysctl.conf
添加如下參數,如果系統中某個參數高於下面的參數的值 ,保留較大的值,下面的數值只是官方要求的最小值,可以根據系統調整數值,以優化系統性能
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
- 使內核參數生效
sysctl -p
- 在
/etc/security/limits.conf
中添加如下參數
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
- 在/etc/pam.d/login文件中,添加下面內容
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
- /etc/profile 文件中添加如下內容
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
- 使用
/etc/profile
文件生效
source /etc/profile
- 禁用使用Transparent HugePages(啓用Transparent HugePages,可能會導致造成內存在運行時的延遲分配,Oracle官方建議使用標準的HugePages)
- 查看是否啓用 如果顯示
[always]
說明啓用了
cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
- 禁用Transparent HugePages,在/etc/grub.conf添加如下內容
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
重新啓動系統以使更改成爲永久更改
6. 創建oracle安裝目錄
如下目錄,根據自己的實際情況可做修改
mkdir -p /data/app/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/app/
chmod -R 775 /data/app/
7. 配置oracle用戶環境變量
在文件/home/oracle/.bash_profile
裏添加下面內容(具體值根據實際情況修改)
umask 022
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracledb
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
8. 重啓下系統
reboot
9. 解壓下載好的兩個Oracle數據庫文件
unzip -q linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data
unzip -q linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data
mkdir -p /data/etc
cp /data/database/response/* /data/etc/
在/data/etc/db_install.rsp
修改以下變量的值
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracledb
ORACLE_HOME=/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
10. 開始安裝
su - oracle
cd /data/database
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /data/etc/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
安裝期間可以使用tail命令監看oracle的安裝日誌
#日誌文件名稱根據自己的實際執行時間變更
tail -f /data/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2019-01-02_06-03-30PM.log
安裝完成後有如下提示,如果有類似如下提示,說明安裝完成
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run
/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.
11. 使用root
用戶執行腳本
su - root
sh /data/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
12. 配置監聽程序
su - oracle
netca /silent /responsefile /data/etc/netca.rsp
#輸出結果
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ netca /silent /responsefile /data/etc/netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /data/etc/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control:
/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
查看監聽端口
netstat -tnpl | grep 1521
13. 靜默創建數據庫
- 編輯應答文件
/data/etc/dbca.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/data/app/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/data/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
TOTALMEMORY = "1638"
- 執行靜默建庫
su - oracle
dbca -silent -responseFile /data/etc/dbca.rsp
執行過程如下
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /data/etc/dbca.rsp
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/data/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details.
- 查看進程
ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
# 執行結果
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
oracle 19304 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle 19306 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_orcl
oracle 19310 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl
oracle 19312 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl
oracle 19314 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcl
oracle 19316 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl
oracle 19318 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_orcl
oracle 19320 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl
oracle 19322 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
oracle 19324 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl
oracle 19326 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl
oracle 19328 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl
oracle 19330 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl
oracle 19332 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl
oracle 19334 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl
oracle 19336 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl
oracle 19338 1 0 18:33 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl
oracle 19361 1 0 18:34 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl
oracle 19376 1 0 18:34 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_orcl
oracle 19396 1 0 18:34 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl
oracle 19398 1 0 18:34 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl
- 查看監聽狀態
$ lsnrctl status
#結果
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 02-JAN-2019 18:36:15
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 02-JAN-2019 18:20:21
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 15 min. 54 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /data/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@oracledb ~]$
14. 至此數據庫就安裝成功了,下面我們登錄下數據庫
su - oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba
select status from v$instance;
執行select時,全出現以下情況
SQL> select status from v$instance;
select status from v$instance
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
解決方式:
- 輸入
startup
,
#startup的輸出提示:
SQL> statup
SP2-0042: unknown command "statup" - rest of line ignored.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/initORCL.ora'
- 根據提示,將ORACLE_HOME/dbs目錄下initOracle.ora(根據startup提示)即可
cp /data/app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.022019183329 initORCL.ora
查看數據庫編碼
select userenv('language') from dual;
# 輸出結果:
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
SQL>
查看數據庫版本
select * from v$version;
#結果
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
激活scott用戶
alter user scott account unlock;
alter user scott identified by tiger;
select username,account_status from dba_users;
15. 設置Oracle開機啓動
修改/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
修改/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
修改vi /etc/oratab
orcl:/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y
新建文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
#! /bin/bash
# oracle: Start/Stop Oracle Database 11g R2
#
# chkconfig: 345 90 10
# description: The Oracle Database is an Object-Relational Database Management System.
#
# processname: oracle
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
LOCKFILE=/var/lock/subsys/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_USER=oracle
case "$1" in
'start')
if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
echo $0 already running.
exit 1
fi
echo -n $"Starting Oracle Database:"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
touch $LOCKFILE
;;
'stop')
if [ ! -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
echo $0 already stopping.
exit 1
fi
echo -n $"Stopping Oracle Database:"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
rm -f $LOCKFILE
;;
'restart')
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
'status')
if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
echo $0 started.
else
echo $0 stopped.
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|status]"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
給/etc/init.d/oracle
添加執行權限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/oracle
開機啓動oracle
systemctl enable oracle
或
chkconfig oracle on
給啓動文件加權限
cd /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/
chmod 6751 oracle
cd /var/tmp
chown -R oracle:oinstall .oracle
16. 防火牆配置放開Oracle的端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
參考文章:https://blog.csdn.net/kenny1993/article/details/75038670