maven生命週期

maven 多多少少用過，通常只是用，遇到問題還是不行（各種鬧笑話），琢磨着把幾個核心命令啃一遍。maven是基於構建build的生命週期，內置的build和distribute的流程是有清晰定義的，內置構建build生命週期包含三個：default、clean和site：

default：處理項目部署；
clean：處理項目清理；
site：處理項目網站文檔；

1. 項目構建生命週期的各個階段

上述提到了3個構建的生命週期，每個構建週期都是由一系列的構建階段組成，一個構建階段代表一個生命週期。下面的構建階段已經去除了很多pre..和post..等階段的信息，除非開發maven插件，正常情況不太用得到。

1.1 `default`構建的生命週期

default構建生命週期，內部包含的階段有：

validate：驗證項目是正常的且所有必要的信息都是可獲取的；
compile：編譯項目代碼；
test：對編譯的代碼使用合適的單元測試框架進行測試，這個過程不需要打包和部署；
package：將編譯後的代碼打包爲合適的形式，比如jar或war；
verify：運行集成測試以檢查結果，確保質量達到要求；
install：將打包好的jar安裝到本地倉庫，以便於其他模塊的使用；
deploy：將上述的jar包發佈到遠程倉庫，以供其他開發者使用；

上述的7個階段會按序執行，一個都不會少（不太恰當，可以理解，可以看下面的註解），這樣一整套完整的流程就是default構建的生命週期了。注意：clean不屬於default構建階段，它是單獨的構建週期

【注】

這裏需要注意的是，如果想直接進入上述7個階段中的某個階段（不含第一階段validate），默認是不可能的，默認maven就是按照上述的7個階段按序執行的，即要想進入某個階段，那該階段之前的階段一個都不能少，除非手動指定跳過某個可跳過的階段。比如當執行mvn install時，它會依次執行install階段之前的所有階段（validate、compile、test、package、verify），最後執行進入install階段。

1.2 `clean`構建的生命週期

clean構建週期比較單純，它就一個階段：

clean：清除階段，將之前構建的文件清除，即模塊目錄${basedir}下整個target目錄。

1.3 `site`構建的聲明週期（沒有用過）

site構建也比較單純，也一個階段，但劃分爲兩個階段會更好理解一點：

site：生成項目網站文檔；
site-deploy：將上述生成的文檔部署到指定服務器上；

2. 具體的maven命令

2.1 `mvn compile`

編譯，這個階段maven會去下載模塊做需要的各種資源（如果本地倉庫存在則優先從本地抓取）進行編譯（不包含測試類的編譯），編譯的類統一放在模塊的${basedir}/target/classes文件夾下，同時產生sources文件夾，然後將上述的兩個統一打包爲形式爲xxx.sources.jar的資源jar包。下面是編譯的小栗子：

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] -------------------------< com.glodon:wu-pull >-------------------------
[INFO] Building wu-pull 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 4 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:compile (default-compile) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Compiling 8 source files to D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IDEAProjects\wu-util\wu-pull\target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] >>> maven-source-plugin:2.2.1:jar (default) > generate-sources @ wu-pull >>>
[INFO]
[INFO] <<< maven-source-plugin:2.2.1:jar (default) < generate-sources @ wu-pull <<<
[INFO]
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-source-plugin:2.2.1:jar (default) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Building jar: D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IDEAProjects\wu-util\wu-pull\target\wu-util-pull-sources.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.596 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-01-10T11:05:07+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.2 `mvn test`

測試，這個過程中maven會下載額外的資源以編譯測試類並執行（這個階段必須建立在已經編譯獲得類資源了，因爲測試通常是針對模塊中的某些類進行測試，依賴於它們），如果只是單純的想編譯一下測試類但不執行，使用mvn test-compile（這個編譯過程和mvn compile類型會產生test-sources和test-classes文件夾），所以可以理解爲mvn test是包含了編譯測試類和測試測試類兩個過程，會輸出測試類的結果的測試報告，如果測試通過會生成一份測試報告放在對應模塊中的surefire-reports文件夾下。下面是兩個命令打印出來的日誌：

1.mvn test-compile

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] -------------------------< com.glodon:wu-pull >-------------------------
[INFO] Building wu-pull 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 4 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:compile (default-compile) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] >>> maven-source-plugin:2.2.1:jar (default) > generate-sources @ wu-pull >>>
[INFO]
[INFO] <<< maven-source-plugin:2.2.1:jar (default) < generate-sources @ wu-pull <<<
[INFO]
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-source-plugin:2.2.1:jar (default) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IDEAProjects\wu-util\wu-pull\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IDEAProjects\wu-util\wu-pull\target\test-classes
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.459 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-01-10T11:07:37+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.mvn test

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] -------------------------< com.glodon:wu-pull >-------------------------
[INFO] Building wu-pull 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 4 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:compile (default-compile) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] >>> maven-source-plugin:2.2.1:jar (default) > generate-sources @ wu-pull >>>
[INFO]
[INFO] <<< maven-source-plugin:2.2.1:jar (default) < generate-sources @ wu-pull <<<
[INFO]
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-source-plugin:2.2.1:jar (default) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IDEAProjects\wu-util\wu-pull\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IDEAProjects\wu-util\wu-pull\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.goujianwu.service.impl.DownloadServiceImplTest
測試。。。。。。。。。。
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.058 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

2.3 `mvn package`

打包，編譯執行成功部署時需要打包（jar或war等等），至於什麼形式注意查看pom文件中設置的格式（Springboot項目默認是打成jar包），此時會在${basedir}/target目錄下生成jar包，正常情況我們部署服務時就是需要這個jar包。下面是打包的日誌：

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] -------------------------< com.glodon:wu-pull >-------------------------
[INFO] Building wu-pull 1.0-SNAPSHOT:22+08:00
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] rogram Files\JetBrains\IDEAProjects\wu-util\wu-pull>
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 4 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:compile (default-compile) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] >>> maven-source-plugin:2.2.1:jar (default) > generate-sources @ wu-pull >>>
[INFO]
[INFO] <<< maven-source-plugin:2.2.1:jar (default) < generate-sources @ wu-pull <<<
[INFO]
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-source-plugin:2.2.1:jar (default) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IDEAProjects\wu-util\wu-pull\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IDEAProjects\wu-util\wu-pull\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.goujianwu.service.impl.DownloadServiceImplTest
測試。。。。。。。。。。
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.055 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Building jar: D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IDEAProjects\wu-util\wu-pull\target\wu-util-pull.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- spring-boot-maven-plugin:2.0.3.RELEASE:repackage (default) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 2.689 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-01-10T13:54:21+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.4 `mvn install`

安裝，這裏的安裝是指將剛剛生成的模塊jar包安裝到本地的maven倉庫（可能安裝這個詞比較彆扭，使用“放到”或許更適合一點），具體倉庫中安裝路徑（文件組織方式）在pom文件中指定。下面是安裝過程中的日誌：

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] -------------------------< com.glodon:wu-pull >-------------------------
[INFO] Building wu-pull 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 4 resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:compile (default-compile) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] >>> maven-source-plugin:2.2.1:jar (default) > generate-sources @ wu-pull >>>
[INFO]
[INFO] <<< maven-source-plugin:2.2.1:jar (default) < generate-sources @ wu-pull <<<
[INFO]
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-source-plugin:2.2.1:jar (default) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IDEAProjects\wu-util\wu-pull\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IDEAProjects\wu-util\wu-pull\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.goujianwu.service.impl.DownloadServiceImplTest
測試。。。。。。。。。。
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.054 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO]
[INFO] --- spring-boot-maven-plugin:2.0.3.RELEASE:repackage (default) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ wu-pull ---
[INFO] Installing D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IDEAProjects\wu-util\wu-pull\target\wu-util-pull.jar to D:\Program Files\Maven\maven_repository\com\glodon\wu-pull\1.0-SNAPSHOT\wu-pull-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IDEAProjects\wu-util\wu-pull\pom.xml to D:\Program Files\Maven\maven_repository\com\glodon\wu-pull\1.0-SNAPSHOT\wu-pull-1.0-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] Installing D:\Program Files\JetBrains\IDEAProjects\wu-util\wu-pull\target\wu-util-pull-sources.jar to D:\Program Files\Maven\maven_repository\com\glodon\wu-pull\1.0-SNAPSHOT\wu-pull-1.0-SNAPSHOT-sources.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 2.381 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-01-10T14:04:38+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

【注】

上述的流程已經包含了maven項目的一般流程：編譯（mvn compile）–>測試(mvn test)–>打包(mvn package)–>安裝(mvn install)。

2.5 `mvn clean`

清理，這命令會移除模塊中${basedir}目錄下的target文件夾（即清理上次maven運行遺留的內容）。

正常部署應用時，建議在模塊目錄下使用mvn clean -DskipTests package（單模塊應用），如果項目是多模塊應用且模塊間有依賴關係，直接在項目目錄下執行mvn clean -DskipTests install。

1. 項目構建生命週期的各個階段

1.1 `default`構建的生命週期

1.2 `clean`構建的生命週期

1.3 `site`構建的聲明週期（沒有用過）

2. 具體的maven命令

2.1 `mvn compile`

2.2 `mvn test`

2.3 `mvn package`

2.4 `mvn install`

2.5 `mvn clean`

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maven生命週期

1. 項目構建生命週期的各個階段

1.1 default構建的生命週期

1.2 clean構建的生命週期

1.3 site構建的聲明週期（沒有用過）

2. 具體的maven命令

2.1 mvn compile

2.2 mvn test

2.3 mvn package

2.4 mvn install

2.5 mvn clean

1.1 `default`構建的生命週期

1.2 `clean`構建的生命週期

1.3 `site`構建的聲明週期（沒有用過）

2.1 `mvn compile`

2.2 `mvn test`

2.3 `mvn package`

2.4 `mvn install`

2.5 `mvn clean`