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<body class="wiz-editor-body" spellcheck="false"><div></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">log4j2.xml文件詳解：</span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;"><b>一、前言</b>：在講日誌具體配置前，講一下log4j日誌的基本概念：</span></div><div><img src="file:///C:/Users/felixtao/Documents/My%20Knowledge/temp/950768ef-4014-4ca5-a0bf-8c1443297838/128/index_files/5d5a6dd1-0440-4de0-9bad-454e3ca11982.png" class=""></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">一個app如果要輸出日誌，首先需要獲取一個日誌器，用以打印日誌。如上圖中app下方擁有多個日誌器：logger1、logger2、root(這是默認的日誌器，當獲取對應名稱的日誌器失敗時，以該日誌器打印日誌）。一個日誌器可以綁定到多個日誌源上，例如控制檯、文件、網絡等。</span><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;color:rgb(255, 0, 0);">log4j2.xml即用於定義日誌器、定義輸入源</span><span style="font-size:1.167rem;">。</span></div><div><span style="font-size:1.167rem;"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-size:1.167rem;"><b>二、配置詳解</b>：</span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">在<span>log4j2.xml的</span>文件中需要添加<Configuration>根元素、添加<Properties>、<Appender>、<Loggers>三個子元素。</span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;"><Configuration>:</span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">可以<span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0);">配置status、monitorInterval屬性</span>，status屬性是控制log4j2本身的日誌等級，如果太低就會出現很多雜亂的日誌。monitorIntervel是控制多久讀取一次log4j2.xml文件，可以不重啓時更改日誌輸入方式。</span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;"><Properties></span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">定義一個變量。</span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;"><Appender></span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">定義一系列輸出源，用以指定輸出源，輸出格式。</span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;"><Loggers></span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">定義日誌器，用以在代碼中獲取日誌器，並綁定一個或者多個輸出源，輸出日誌</span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;"><br></span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-size:1.167rem;"><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 153);">1. <Properties></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size:1.167rem;">在該配置元素中添加<Property>子元素，一般是定義一些全局變量。</span></div><div data-mode="XML" data-theme="monokai" id="wiz_cm_1547821398743_4059" class="wiz-code-container"><textarea style="display: none;"><Property name="LOG_HOME">${sys:log.home}</Property></textarea><wiz_code_mirror><div class="CodeMirror CodeMirror-wrap cm-s-monokai" data-id="wiz_cm_1547821398743_4059"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 20px; left: 33px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;" tabindex="0"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 29px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 30px; min-height: 31px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><div class="CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt"><div>1</div></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class=" wiz-hide wiz_CodeMirror-cursors"><div class="CodeMirror-cursor" style="left: 4px; top: 0px; height: 23px;"> </div></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper" style="left: -29px;"><div class="CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt" style="left: 0px; width: 21px;">1</div></div><pre class="CodeMirror-line" role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket"><</span><span class="cm-tag">Property</span> <span class="cm-attribute">name</span>=<span class="cm-string">"LOG_HOME"</span><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket">></span>${sys:log.home}<span class="cm-tag cm-bracket"></</span><span class="cm-tag">Property</span><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket">></span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 13px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 31px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="height: 61px;"><div class="CodeMirror-gutter CodeMirror-linenumbers" style="width: 29px;"></div></div></div></div></wiz_code_mirror></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;"><br></span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 153);">2. <Appender></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 1.167rem; line-height: 31.7424px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">定義輸出源類型、輸出源地址、輸出源的輸出格式</span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">定義一個特定輸出源：</span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">1）多種輸出源：</span></div><div><span style="font-size:1.167rem;">在此元素下定義輸出源，<span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0);">輸出源可以爲多種類型</span>：</span><span style="font-size:1.167rem;"><RollingFile>、<Console>、<File>、<RollingRandomAccessFile>、<NoSql>、<Flume>、<Async>等，分別代表可以輸出到控制檯、輸出到文件、輸出到可切分的文件。</span></div><div><span style="font-size:1.167rem;"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-size:1.167rem;">2）不同輸出源的配置：</span></div><div><span style="font-size:1.167rem;">不同輸出源的配置不盡相同，在這些不同日誌輸出源標籤中可以<span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0);">定義屬性<span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span>子元素，</span>屬性中包括name、fianName、filePattern等字段，定義輸出源的名、文件名、日誌切分的實施形式等，</span><span style="font-size:1.167rem;"><span>具體不同的輸出源不同。</span></span><span style="font-size:1.167rem;">在輸出源標籤內部元素可以定義<PatternLayout>標籤來<span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0);">定義</span></span><span style="font-size:1.167rem;"><span><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0);">日誌格式</span></span></span><span style="font-size:1.167rem;">。</span></div><div><span style="font-size:1.167rem;">各種輸出源的配置參數不一樣，其中的<RollingFile>輸出源格式如下：</span></div><div data-mode="XML" data-theme="monokai" id="wiz_cm_1547821398719_1679" class="wiz-code-container"><textarea style="display: none;"><RollingFile name="YOUR_APP_APPENDER" fileName="${LOG_HOME}/your_app.log"
filePattern="${LOG_HOME}/your_app.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log"> <!--定義模板名、日誌文件名、日誌切分後的命名方式-->
<PatternLayout>
<Pattern>%d|%level|%t|%msg%n</Pattern> <!--定義日誌模板,輸出的格式-->
</PatternLayout>
<Policies>
<TimeBasedTriggeringPolicy interval="1" modulate="true"/> <!--定義切分策略-->
</Policies>
</RollingFile></textarea><wiz_code_mirror><div class="CodeMirror CodeMirror-wrap cm-s-monokai" data-id="wiz_cm_1547821398719_1679"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 20px; left: 33px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;" tabindex="0"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 29px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 30px; min-height: 215px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"><div class="CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt"><div>9</div></div></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class=" wiz-hide wiz_CodeMirror-cursors"><div class="CodeMirror-cursor" style="left: 4px; top: 0px; height: 23px;"> </div></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper" style="left: -29px;"><div class="CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt" style="left: 0px; width: 21px;">1</div></div><pre class="CodeMirror-line" role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket"><</span><span class="cm-tag">RollingFile</span> <span class="cm-attribute">name</span>=<span class="cm-string">"YOUR_APP_APPENDER"</span> <span class="cm-attribute">fileName</span>=<span class="cm-string">"${LOG_HOME}/your_app.log"</span></span></pre></div><div style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper" style="left: -29px;"><div class="CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt" style="left: 0px; width: 21px;">2</div></div><pre class="CodeMirror-line" role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-attribute">filePattern</span>=<span class="cm-string">"${LOG_HOME}/your_app.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log"</span><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket">></span> <span class="cm-comment"><!--定義模板名、日誌文件名、日誌切分後的命名方式--></span></span></pre></div><div style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper" style="left: -29px;"><div class="CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt" style="left: 0px; width: 21px;">3</div></div><pre class="CodeMirror-line" role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-tag cm-bracket"><</span><span class="cm-tag">PatternLayout</span><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket">></span></span></pre></div><div style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper" style="left: -29px;"><div class="CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt" style="left: 0px; width: 21px;">4</div></div><pre class="CodeMirror-line" role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-tag cm-bracket"><</span><span class="cm-tag">Pattern</span><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket">></span>%d|%level|%t|%msg%n<span class="cm-tag cm-bracket"></</span><span class="cm-tag">Pattern</span><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket">></span> <span class="cm-comment"><!--定義日誌模板,輸出的格式--></span></span></pre></div><div style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper" style="left: -29px;"><div class="CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt" style="left: 0px; width: 21px;">5</div></div><pre class="CodeMirror-line" role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-tag cm-bracket"></</span><span class="cm-tag">PatternLayout</span><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket">></span></span></pre></div><div style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper" style="left: -29px;"><div class="CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt" style="left: 0px; width: 21px;">6</div></div><pre class="CodeMirror-line" role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-tag cm-bracket"><</span><span class="cm-tag">Policies</span><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket">></span></span></pre></div><div style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper" style="left: -29px;"><div class="CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt" style="left: 0px; width: 21px;">7</div></div><pre class="CodeMirror-line" role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-tag cm-bracket"><</span><span class="cm-tag">TimeBasedTriggeringPolicy</span> <span class="cm-attribute">interval</span>=<span class="cm-string">"1"</span> <span class="cm-attribute">modulate</span>=<span class="cm-string">"true"</span><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket">/></span> <span class="cm-comment"><!--定義切分策略--></span></span></pre></div><div style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper" style="left: -29px;"><div class="CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt" style="left: 0px; width: 21px;">8</div></div><pre class="CodeMirror-line" role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-tag cm-bracket"></</span><span class="cm-tag">Policies</span><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket">></span></span></pre></div><div style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper" style="left: -29px;"><div class="CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt" style="left: 0px; width: 21px;">9</div></div><pre class="CodeMirror-line" role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket"></</span><span class="cm-tag">RollingFile</span><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket">></span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 13px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 215px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="height: 245px;"><div class="CodeMirror-gutter CodeMirror-linenumbers" style="width: 29px;"></div></div></div></div></wiz_code_mirror></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">在<RollingFile>輸出源屬性:name、fileName、filePattern，分別</span><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:1.167rem;">定義輸出源名</span><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">、日誌</span><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:1.167rem;">文件名</span><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">、日誌</span><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:1.167rem;">切分</span><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">時</span><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:1.167rem;">新日誌的命名方式</span><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">。在<PatternLayout>子元素中<Pattern>中定義日誌格式（這裏用%d,%level都是一些變量）。在<Policies>中定義切分規則，本例中利用按天切割</span><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 153);"><TimeBasedTriggeringPolicy>，需配合filePattern一起。<span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);">至於其他的日誌輸出源具體用時可查。</span></span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;"><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="background-color:rgb(152, 251, 152);">日誌格式的變量解釋：</span><br></span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">%d:表示時間，精確到微秒</span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">%t：表示thread，線程</span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">%level:表示日誌的等級</span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">%msg:表示我們在代碼中打印的內容</span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">%F:表示打印點文件名</span></div><div><br></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 153);">3. <Loggers></span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">輸出器：</span></div><div><span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="font-size:1.167rem;">分爲自<span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 153);">定義日誌器<Logger>和默認日誌器<Root></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size:1.167rem;">定義輸出日誌的日誌器，如果沒有找到就用默認的日誌器Root打印日誌。這是因爲在程序內部打印日誌，一般會先獲取日誌輸出器，一般都是getLogger（"logger_name"）之類的函數，就是根據logger_name來獲取一個對應的日誌器，如果沒有或得到日誌器，就會以默認的日誌器輸出日誌。一般都是以類名來、包名來定義多個<Logger>，這樣對於不同的包、類採取不同的輸出方式。一個日誌器可以指定多個輸出源。具體的Logger配置：</span></div><div data-mode="XML" data-theme="monokai" id="wiz_cm_1547821398687_9224" class="wiz-code-container"><textarea style="display: none;"><Logger name="com" level="debug" additivity="false">
<appender-ref ref="YOUR_APP_APPENDER"/>
</Logger></textarea><wiz_code_mirror><div class="CodeMirror CodeMirror-wrap cm-s-monokai" data-id="wiz_cm_1547821398687_9224"><div style="overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 3px; height: 0px; top: 20px; left: 33px;"><textarea autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" style="position: absolute; bottom: -1em; padding: 0px; width: 1000px; height: 1em; outline: none;" tabindex="0"></textarea></div><div class="CodeMirror-scrollbar-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-filler" cm-not-content="true"></div><div class="CodeMirror-scroll" tabindex="-1"><div class="CodeMirror-sizer" style="margin-left: 29px; margin-bottom: 0px; border-right-width: 30px; min-height: 77px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 0px;"><div class="CodeMirror-lines" role="presentation"><div role="presentation" style="position: relative; outline: none;"><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div class="CodeMirror-measure"></div><div style="position: relative; z-index: 1;"></div><div class=" wiz-hide wiz_CodeMirror-cursors" style="visibility: hidden;"><div class="CodeMirror-cursor" style="left: 4px; top: 0px; height: 23px;"> </div></div><div class="CodeMirror-code" role="presentation"><div style="position: relative;" class="CodeMirror-activeline"><div class=" wiz-hide wiz_CodeMirror-activeline-background CodeMirror-linebackground"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-background CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: -29px; width: 29px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper CodeMirror-activeline-gutter" style="left: -29px;"><div class="CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt" style="left: 0px; width: 21px;">1</div></div><pre class="CodeMirror-line" role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket"><</span><span class="cm-tag">Logger</span> <span class="cm-attribute">name</span>=<span class="cm-string">"com"</span> <span class="cm-attribute">level</span>=<span class="cm-string">"debug"</span> <span class="cm-attribute">additivity</span>=<span class="cm-string">"false"</span><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket">></span></span></pre></div><div style="position: relative;" class=""><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper" style="left: -29px;"><div class="CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt" style="left: 0px; width: 21px;">2</div></div><pre class="CodeMirror-line" role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"> <span class="cm-tag cm-bracket"><</span><span class="cm-tag">appender-ref</span> <span class="cm-attribute">ref</span>=<span class="cm-string">"YOUR_APP_APPENDER"</span><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket">/></span></span></pre></div><div style="position: relative;"><div class="CodeMirror-gutter-wrapper" style="left: -29px;"><div class="CodeMirror-linenumber CodeMirror-gutter-elt" style="left: 0px; width: 21px;">3</div></div><pre class="CodeMirror-line" role="presentation"><span role="presentation" style="padding-right: 0.1px;"><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket"></</span><span class="cm-tag">Logger</span><span class="cm-tag cm-bracket">></span></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="position: absolute; height: 13px; width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; top: 77px;"></div><div class="CodeMirror-gutters" style="height: 107px;"><div class="CodeMirror-gutter CodeMirror-linenumbers" style="width: 29px;"></div></div></div></div></wiz_code_mirror></div><div><span style="font-size:1.167rem;">name:日誌器名，在程序中調用getLogger（"logger_name")時會根據logger_name匹配日誌器，該函數會<span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0);">返回一個名字最匹配的日誌器</span>。一般<span data-wiz-span="data-wiz-span" style="color:rgb(255, 0, 0);">都定義和包名、類名相關的日誌</span>器，這樣在打印日誌時可以攜帶一些類、包名，很方便定位問題。</span></div><div><span style="font-size:1.167rem;">level:定義日誌等級，只有大於該等級的日誌纔會打印。</span></div><div><span style="font-size:1.167rem;"><appender-ref>:定義輸出源，一個Logger可以綁定多個輸出源。</span></div><div><br></div></body></html>