Django API接口之RestFrameWork
環境
系統:ubuntu18.04
安裝
pip install django==2.1.5
pip install djangorestframework
基本API示例
創建django項目
django-admin startproject DjangoAPI
創建應用
cd DjangoAPI
python manage.py startapp api
項目代碼
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修改settings.py,添加應用到配置中
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'rest_framework', # 添加rest_framework應用 'api', # 添加api應用 ]
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執行數據庫遷移
python manage.py migrate
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創建管理員,會提示輸入用戶名:ubuntu,郵箱:[email protected],密碼:ubuntu123456
python manage.py createsuperuser
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修改/api/models.py,創建數據庫模型。
from django.db import models class Student(models.Model): name = models.CharField(u'姓名', max_length=100, default='no_name') sex = models.CharField(u'性別', max_length=50, default='male') sid = models.CharField(u'學號', max_length=100, default='0') def __unicode__(self): return '%d: %s' % (self.pk, self.name)
創建模型後執行:
python manage.py makemigrations # 生成數據庫遷移文件 python manage.py migrate # 執行數據庫遷移
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修改/api/admin.py,寫後臺管理代碼
from django.contrib import admin from .models import Student @admin.register(Student) class BlogTypeAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('pk', 'name') # 在後臺列表下顯示的字段
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運行項目
python manage.py runserver
出現如下內容表明成功:
System check identified no issues (0 silenced). January 23, 2019 - 08:28:09 Django version 2.1.5, using settings 'DjangoAPI.settings' Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
瀏覽器輸入:
http://127.0.0.1:8000/ # 出現django成功的界面 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin # 進入管理後臺
如圖所示:
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序列化模型類,在/api/下創建serializers.py,返回json數據
from rest_framework import serializers from .models import Student class StudentSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Student # 指定的模型類 fields = ('pk', 'name', 'sex', 'sid',) # 需要序列化的屬性
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修改/api/views.py,視圖
from django.shortcuts import render from rest_framework import viewsets from .models import Student from .serializers import StudentSerializers # Create your views here. class StudentViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet): # 指定結果集並設置排序 queryset = Student.objects.all().order_by('-pk') # 指定序列化的類 serializer_class = StudentSerializers
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修改/urls.py/,配置主路由
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path, include urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('', include('api.urls')), # 添加應用的路由地址 ]
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在/api/下創建urls.py,配置應用路由
from django.conf.urls import include, url from rest_framework import routers from api import views # 定義路由地址 route = routers.DefaultRouter() # 註冊新的路由地址 route.register(r'student', views.StudentViewSet) # 註冊上一級的路由地址並添加 urlpatterns = [ url('api/', include(route.urls)), ]
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運行項目
python manage.py runserver
打開瀏覽器輸入:
http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/ # api主頁 點擊主頁提供的鏈接http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/student/進入下一級目錄
如下圖所示
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使用Postman測試工具測試api數據
進入ubuntusoftware應用商店,搜索postman進行安裝
在postman中輸入http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/student點擊send,並返回json數據。
如下圖所示: