系統:ubuntu18.04 x64
GitHub:https://github.com/xingjidemimi/DjangoAPI.git
安裝
pip install django==2.1.5
pip install djangorestframework # rest api
pip install coreapi pygments markdown # 自動化接口文檔
API示例
創建django項目
django-admin startproject DjangoAPI
創建應用
cd DjangoAPI
python manage.py startapp apiApp
項目代碼
-
修改settings.py,添加應用到配置中
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'rest_framework', # 添加rest_framework應用 'apiApp', # 添加apiApp應用 ]
-
執行數據庫遷移
python manage.py migrate
-
創建管理員,會提示輸入用戶名:ubuntu,郵箱:[email protected],密碼:ubuntu123456
python manage.py createsuperuser
-
修改/api/models.py,創建數據庫模型。
from django.db import models class Test(models.Model): name = models.CharField(u'姓名', max_length=100, default='no_name') sex = models.CharField(u'性別', max_length=10, default='male') age = models.CharField(u'年齡', max_length=3, default='0') def __unicode__(self): return '%d: %s' % (self.pk, self.name)
創建模型後執行:
python manage.py makemigrations # 生成數據庫遷移文件 python manage.py migrate # 執行數據庫遷移
-
修改/api/admin.py,寫後臺管理代碼
from django.contrib import admin from apiApp.models import Test # Register your models here. @admin.register(Test) class BlogTypeAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('pk', 'name') # 在後臺列表下顯示的字段
-
運行項目
python manage.py runserver
出現如下內容表明成功:
System check identified no issues (0 silenced). January 23, 2019 - 08:28:09 Django version 2.1.5, using settings 'DjangoAPI.settings' Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
瀏覽器輸入:
http://127.0.0.1:8000/ # 出現django成功的界面 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin # 進入管理後臺
-
序列化模型類,在/api/下創建serializers.py,返回json數據
from rest_framework import serializers from apiApp.models import Test class TestSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Test # 指定的模型類 fields = ('pk', 'name', 'sex', 'age',) # 需要序列化的屬性
-
修改/api/views.py,視圖
from django.shortcuts import render from rest_framework import viewsets from apiApp.models import Test from apiApp.serializers import TestSerializers class TestViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet): # 指定結果集並設置排序 queryset = Test.objects.all().order_by('-pk') # 指定序列化的類 serializer_class = TestSerializers
-
修改/urls.py/,配置主路由
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path, include urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('', include('apiApp.urls')), # 添加應用的路由地址 ]
-
在/api/下創建urls.py,配置應用路由
from django.conf.urls import include from django.urls import path from rest_framework import routers from apiApp import views from rest_framework.documentation import include_docs_urls API_TITLE = 'API Documents' API_DESCRIPTION = 'API Information' # 定義路由地址 route = routers.DefaultRouter() # 註冊新的路由地址 route.register(r'test', views.TestViewSet) # 註冊上一級的路由地址並添加 urlpatterns = [ path('', include(route.urls)), # 接口文檔路由 path(r'docs/', include_docs_urls(title=API_TITLE, description=API_DESCRIPTION, authentication_classes=[], permission_classes=[])) ]
-
運行項目
python manage.py runserver
打開瀏覽器輸入:
http://127.0.0.1:8000 # api主頁 點擊主頁提供的鏈接http://127.0.0.1:8000/test進入下一級目錄 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs進入接口文檔
-
使用Postman測試工具測試api數據
進入ubuntusoftware應用商店,搜索postman進行安裝
在postman中輸入http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/student點擊send,並返回json數據。