首先我们来看下如果通过WindowManager添加一个Window：
Button mFloatingButton = new Button(this);
mFloatingButton.setText("button");
WindowManager.LayoutParams layoutParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams(WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, 0, 0, PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT);
layoutParams.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FORCE_NOT_FULLSCREEN | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_SHOW_WHEN_LOCKED;
layoutParams.gravity = Gravity.LEFT | Gravity.TOP;
layoutParams.x = 100;
layoutParams.y = 300;
WindowManager windowManager = getWindowManager();
windowManager.addView(mFloatingButton, layoutParams);
上面的代码就演示了将一个Button添加到pingmu座标为（100,300）的位置上。WindowManager.LayoutParams中的flags和type这两个参数比较重要
Flags参数表示Window的属性，比较常用的有下面几个：
FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE
表示Window不需要获取焦点，也不需要接收各种输入事件，此标记会同时启用FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL，最终事件会直接传递下层的具有焦点的Window。
FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL
在此模式下，熊会将当前WIndow区域以外的点击事件传递给底层的Window，当前WIndow区域以内的点击事件则自己处理
FLAG_SHOW_WHEN_LOCKED
开启此模式可以让Window显示在锁屏的界面上
Type参数表示Window的类型，Window有三种类型，分别是应用Window，子Window和系统Window。应用类Window对应着一个Activity。子Window不能单独存在，它需要附属在特定的父Window之中，比如常见的一些Dialog就是一个子Window。系统Window是需要声明权限才能创建的Window，比如Toast和系统状态栏这些就是系统Window。
WindowManager所提供的功能其实就是三个方法，添加View、更新View、和删除View，这三个方法定义在ViewManager，而WindowManager继承了ViewManager：
public interface ViewManager
{
/**
* Assign the passed LayoutParams to the passed View and add the view to the window.
* <p>Throws {@link android.view.WindowManager.BadTokenException} for certain programming
* errors, such as adding a second view to a window without removing the first view.
* <p>Throws {@link android.view.WindowManager.InvalidDisplayException} if the window is on a
* secondary {@link Display} and the specified display can't be found
* (see {@link android.app.Presentation}).
* @param view The view to be added to this window.
* @param params The LayoutParams to assign to view.
*/
public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
public void updateViewLayout(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
public void removeView(View view);
}
WIndow的内部机制
每个Window对应一个View和一个ViewRootImpl，Window和View是通过ViewRootImpl来建立联系的，因此Window并不是实际存在的，它是以View的形式存在的。下面我们就从Window的添加、更新、删除来了解Window的内部机制
Window的添加过程
Window的添加过程是通过WindowManager的addView来实现的，WindowManager是一个借口，它的真正实现是WindowManagerImpl类，在WindowManagerImpl中Window的三大操作实现如下：
private final WindowManagerGlobal mGlobal = WindowManagerGlobal.getInstance();
@Override
public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
mGlobal.addView(view, params, mDisplay, mParentWindow);
}
@Override
public void updateViewLayout(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
mGlobal.updateViewLayout(view, params);
}
@Override
public void removeView(View view) {
mGlobal.removeView(view, false);
}
可以看到，调用的mGlobal对象的对应的方法，而mGlobal是WindowManagerGlobal的单例，我们继续来看下WindowManagerGlobal中的addView方法：
public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
Display display, Window parentWindow) {
if (view == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("view must not be null");
}
if (display == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("display must not be null");
}
if (!(params instanceof WindowManager.LayoutParams)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Params must be WindowManager.LayoutParams");
}
final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams)params;
if (parentWindow != null) {
parentWindow.adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow(wparams);
} else {
// If there's no parent and we're running on L or above (or in the
// system context), assume we want hardware acceleration.
final Context context = view.getContext();
if (context != null
&& context.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
wparams.flags |= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED;
}
}
ViewRootImpl root;
View panelParentView = null;
synchronized (mLock) {
// Start watching for system property changes.
if (mSystemPropertyUpdater == null) {
mSystemPropertyUpdater = new Runnable() {
@Override public void run() {
synchronized (mLock) {
for (int i = mRoots.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
mRoots.get(i).loadSystemProperties();
}
}
}
};
SystemProperties.addChangeCallback(mSystemPropertyUpdater);
}
int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
if (index >= 0) {
if (mDyingViews.contains(view)) {
// Don't wait for MSG_DIE to make it's way through root's queue.
mRoots.get(index).doDie();
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException("View " + view
+ " has already been added to the window manager.");
}
// The previous removeView() had not completed executing. Now it has.
}
// If this is a panel window, then find the window it is being
// attached to for future reference.
if (wparams.type >= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FIRST_SUB_WINDOW &&
wparams.type <= WindowManager.LayoutParams.LAST_SUB_WINDOW) {
final int count = mViews.size();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
if (mRoots.get(i).mWindow.asBinder() == wparams.token) {
panelParentView = mViews.get(i);
}
}
}
root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);
view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
mViews.add(view);
mRoots.add(root);
mParams.add(wparams);
}
// do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things
try {
root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
// BadTokenException or InvalidDisplayException, clean up.
synchronized (mLock) {
final int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
if (index >= 0) {
removeViewLocked(index, true);
}
}
throw e;
}
}
在此方法中，首先会先检查传进来的参数是否合法，然后，如果是子window，还需要调整一些布局参数。最后新建一个ViewRootImpl，并分别将view、root、和params添加到三个列表中，其实比较重要的这几个列表分别是：
private final ArrayList<View> mViews = new ArrayList<View>();
private final ArrayList<ViewRootImpl> mRoots = new ArrayList<ViewRootImpl>();
private final ArrayList<WindowManager.LayoutParams> mParams =
new ArrayList<WindowManager.LayoutParams>();
private final ArraySet<View> mDyingViews = new ArraySet<View>();
mViews存储的所有的Window对应的View，mRoots存储的是所有Window对应的ViewRootImpl，mParams存储的是所有的Window队一行的布局参数，mDyingViews存储了那些正在被删除的View对象，或者说是那些已经嗲用removeView方法，但是删除操作还没有完成的Window对象。
最后调用root的setView，将来完成Window的更新过程，我们来看下ViewRootImpl的setView方法
public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, View panelParentView) {
省略代码
requestLayout();
mOrigWindowType = mWindowAttributes.type;
mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes = true;
collectViewAttributes();
res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay(mWindow, mSeq, mWindowAttributes,
getHostVisibility(), mDisplay.getDisplayId(),
mAttachInfo.mContentInsets, mInputChannel);
//省略代码
}
可以看到在setView内部会通过requestLayout来完成异步刷新请求，然后会通过WindowSession最终来完成Window的添加过程。mWindowSession的类型是IWindowSession，它是一个Binder对象，真正的实现类是Session，也就是Window的添加过程是一次IPC调用。在session内部会通过WindowManagerService来实现Window的添加，window的添加过程就交给WindowManagerService去处理了。
Window的删除过程
WindowManager的删除过程也是有WindowManagerGlobal来实现的。
public void removeView(View view, boolean immediate) {
if (view == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("view must not be null");
}
synchronized (mLock) {
int index = findViewLocked(view, true);
View curView = mRoots.get(index).getView();
removeViewLocked(index, immediate);
if (curView == view) {
return;
}
throw new IllegalStateException("Calling with view " + view
+ " but the ViewAncestor is attached to " + curView);
}
}
private void removeViewLocked(int index, boolean immediate) {
ViewRootImpl root = mRoots.get(index);
View view = root.getView();
if (view != null) {
InputMethodManager imm = InputMethodManager.getInstance();
if (imm != null) {
imm.windowDismissed(mViews.get(index).getWindowToken());
}
}
boolean deferred = root.die(immediate);
if (view != null) {
view.assignParent(null);
if (deferred) {
mDyingViews.add(view);
}
}
}
首先通过findViewLocked来查找待删除的View的索引，然后通过removeViewLocked来做进一步的删除，在此方法中可以看出，是通过ViewRootImpl的die方法来删除的，最后再将其添加到mDyingViews中
boolean die(boolean immediate) {
// Make sure we do execute immediately if we are in the middle of a traversal or the damage
// done by dispatchDetachedFromWindow will cause havoc on return.
if (immediate && !mIsInTraversal) {
doDie();
return false;
}
if (!mIsDrawing) {
destroyHardwareRenderer();
} else {
Log.e(TAG, "Attempting to destroy the window while drawing!\n" +
" window=" + this + ", title=" + mWindowAttributes.getTitle());
}
mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(MSG_DIE);
return true;
}
void doDie() {
checkThread();
if (LOCAL_LOGV) Log.v(TAG, "DIE in " + this + " of " + mSurface);
synchronized (this) {
if (mRemoved) {
return;
}
mRemoved = true;
if (mAdded) {
dispatchDetachedFromWindow();
}
if (mAdded && !mFirst) {
destroyHardwareRenderer();
if (mView != null) {
int viewVisibility = mView.getVisibility();
boolean viewVisibilityChanged = mViewVisibility != viewVisibility;
if (mWindowAttributesChanged || viewVisibilityChanged) {
// If layout params have been changed, first give them
// to the window manager to make sure it has the correct
// animation info.
try {
if ((relayoutWindow(mWindowAttributes, viewVisibility, false)
& WindowManagerGlobal.RELAYOUT_RES_FIRST_TIME) != 0) {
mWindowSession.finishDrawing(mWindow);
}
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
}
mSurface.release();
}
}
mAdded = false;
}
WindowManagerGlobal.getInstance().doRemoveView(this);
}
void dispatchDetachedFromWindow() {
if (mView != null && mView.mAttachInfo != null) {
mAttachInfo.mTreeObserver.dispatchOnWindowAttachedChange(false);
mView.dispatchDetachedFromWindow();
}
mAccessibilityInteractionConnectionManager.ensureNoConnection();
mAccessibilityManager.removeAccessibilityStateChangeListener(
mAccessibilityInteractionConnectionManager);
mAccessibilityManager.removeHighTextContrastStateChangeListener(
mHighContrastTextManager);
removeSendWindowContentChangedCallback();
destroyHardwareRenderer();
setAccessibilityFocus(null, null);
mView.assignParent(null);
mView = null;
mAttachInfo.mRootView = null;
mSurface.release();
if (mInputQueueCallback != null && mInputQueue != null) {
mInputQueueCallback.onInputQueueDestroyed(mInputQueue);
mInputQueue.dispose();
mInputQueueCallback = null;
mInputQueue = null;
}
if (mInputEventReceiver != null) {
mInputEventReceiver.dispose();
mInputEventReceiver = null;
}
try {
mWindowSession.remove(mWindow);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
// Dispose the input channel after removing the window so the Window Manager
// doesn't interpret the input channel being closed as an abnormal termination.
if (mInputChannel != null) {
mInputChannel.dispose();
mInputChannel = null;
}
mDisplayManager.unregisterDisplayListener(mDisplayListener);
unscheduleTraversals();
}
最终调用了dispatchDetachedFromWindow方法，这个方法主要做一些垃圾回收工作，通过Session的remove方法删除Window:mWindowSession.remove(mWindow);这个一个IPC过程，最终会调用WindowManagerService的removeWindow方法。
Window的更新过程
public void updateViewLayout(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
if (view == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("view must not be null");
}
if (!(params instanceof WindowManager.LayoutParams)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Params must be WindowManager.LayoutParams");
}
final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams)params;
view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
synchronized (mLock) {
int index = findViewLocked(view, true);
ViewRootImpl root = mRoots.get(index);
mParams.remove(index);
mParams.add(index, wparams);
root.setLayoutParams(wparams, false);
}
}
主要是更新window的params，接着更新ViewRootImpl中的layoutparams，在ViewRootImpl中会通过scheduleTraversals方法对View重新布局，ViewRootImpl还会通过WindowSession来更新Window的视图，这个最终是由WindowManagerService的relayoutWindow来具体实现的，它同样是个IPC过程
本文参考Android开发艺术探索