centos7 mysql數據庫安裝和配置

一、系統環境

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

二、mysql安裝

#yum install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel
安裝mysql-server失敗,如下圖:
centos7 mysql數據庫安裝和配置

[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

  • base: mirrors.sina.cn
  • extras: mirrors.sina.cn
  • updates: mirrors.sina.cn
    No package mysql-server available.
    Error: Nothing to do

這是因爲CentOS 7用mariadb代替了MySQL數據庫軟件。


有兩種解決辦法:

1、方法一:安裝mariadb
MariaDB數據庫管理系統是MySQL的一個分支,主要由開源社區在維護,採用GPL授權許可。開發這個分支的原因之一是:甲骨文公司收購了MySQL後,有將MySQL閉源的潛在風險,因此社區採用分支的方式來避開這個風險。MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL,包括API和命令行,使之能輕鬆成爲MySQL的代替品。

安裝mariadb,大小59 M。

[root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb-server mariadb
mariadb數據庫的相關命令是:

systemctl start mariadb #啓動MariaDB

systemctl stop mariadb #停止MariaDB

systemctl restart mariadb #重啓MariaDB

systemctl enable mariadb #設置開機啓動

所以先啓動數據庫

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb
然後就可以正常使用mysql了

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.41-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>

安裝mariadb後顯示的也是 MariaDB [(none)]> ,可能看起來有點不習慣。下面是第二種方法。

2、方法二:官網下載安裝mysql-server
下載mysql:
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
源碼安裝:
rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
安裝服務:
yum install mysql-community-server
安裝成功後重啓mysql服務。

service mysqld restart
初次安裝mysql,root賬戶沒有密碼。

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>

設置mysql登錄密碼:

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('password');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>
不需要重啓數據庫即可生效。

在mysql安裝過程中如下內容:

Installed:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7 mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7

Dependency Installed:
mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7

Replaced:
mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0
mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0

所以安裝完以後mariadb自動就被替換了,將不再生效。

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
[root@localhost ~]#

三、配置mysql

1、編碼
mysql配置文件爲/etc/my.cnf

最後加上編碼配置

[mysql]
default-character-set =utf8
這裏的字符編碼必須和/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml中一致。

2、遠程連接設置
把在所有數據庫的所有表的所有權限賦值給位於所有IP地址的root用戶。

mysql> grant all privileges on . to root@'%'identified by 'password';
如果是新用戶而不是root,則要先新建用戶

mysql>create user 'username'@'%' identified by 'password';
此時就可以進行遠程連接了。

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