原文轉載於:https://www.cnblogs.com/zeke-python-road/p/8986318.html
1、 安裝
pip install openpyxl
想要在文件中插入圖片文件，需要安裝pillow，安裝文件：PIL-fork-1.1.7.win-amd64-py2.7.exe
· font(字體類)：字號、字體顏色、下劃線等
· fill(填充類)：顏色等
· border(邊框類)：設置單元格邊框
· alignment(位置類)：對齊方式
· number_format(格式類)：數據格式
· protection(保護類)：寫保護
2、 創建一個excel 文件，並寫入不同類的內容
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook() #創建文件對象
# grab the active worksheet
ws = wb.active #獲取第一個sheet
# Data can be assigned directly to cells
ws['A1'] = 42 #寫入數字
ws['B1'] = "你好"+"automation test" #寫入中文（unicode中文也可）
# Rows can also be appended
ws.append([1, 2, 3]) #寫入多個單元格
# Python types will automatically be converted
import datetime
import time
ws['A2'] = datetime.datetime.now() #寫入一個當前時間
#寫入一個自定義的時間格式
ws['A3'] =time.strftime("%Y年%m月%d日 %H時%M分%S秒",time.localtime())
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
3、 創建sheet
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #創建一個sheet
ws1.title = "New Title" #設定一個sheet的名字
ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0) #設定sheet的插入位置 默認插在後面
ws2.title = u"你好" #設定一個sheet的名字 必須是Unicode
ws1.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA" #設定sheet的標籤的背景顏色
#獲取某個sheet對象
print wb.get_sheet_by_name(u"你好" )
print wb["New Title" ]
#獲取全部sheet 的名字，遍歷sheet名字
print wb.sheetnames
for sheet_name in wb.sheetnames:
print sheet_name
print "*"*50
for sheet in wb:
print sheet.title
#複製一個sheet
wb["New Title" ]["A1"]="zeke"
source = wb["New Title" ]
target = wb.copy_worksheet(source)
# w3 = wb.copy_worksheet(wb['new title'])
# ws3.title = 'new2'
# wb.copy_worksheet(wb['new title']).title = 'hello'
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
4、 操作單元格
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #創建一個sheet
ws1["A1"]=123.11
ws1["B2"]="你好"
d = ws1.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10)
print ws1["A1"].value
print ws1["B2"].value
print d.value
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
5、 操作批量的單元格
無論ws.rows還是ws.iter_rows都是一個對象
除上述兩個對象外 單行，單列都是一個元祖，多行多列是二維元祖
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") #創建一個sheet
ws1["A1"]=1
ws1["A2"]=2
ws1["A3"]=3
ws1["B1"]=4
ws1["B2"]=5
ws1["B3"]=6
ws1["C1"]=7
ws1["C2"]=8
ws1["C3"]=9
#操作單列
print ws1["A"]
for cell in ws1["A"]:
print cell.value
#操作多列,獲取每一個值
print ws1["A:C"]
for column in ws1["A:C"]:
for cell in column:
print cell.value
#操作多行
row_range = ws1[1:3]
print row_range
for row in row_range:
for cell in row:
print cell.value
print "*"*50
for row in ws1.iter_rows(min_row=1, min_col=1, max_col=3, max_row=3):
for cell in row:
print cell.value
#獲取所有行
print ws1.rows
for row in ws1.rows:
print row
print "*"*50
#獲取所有列
print ws1.columns
for col in ws1.columns:
print col
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
使用百分數
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
wb.guess_types = True
ws=wb.active
ws["D1"]="12%"
print ws["D1"].value
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
#結果會打印小數
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
wb.guess_types = False
ws=wb.active
ws["D1"]="12%"
print ws["D1"].value
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
#結果會打印百分數
獲取所有的行對象：
#coding=utf-8
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
ws=wb.active
rows=[]
for row in ws.iter_rows():
rows.append(row)
print rows #所有行
print rows[0] #獲取第一行
print rows[0][0] #獲取第一行第一列的單元格對象
print rows[0][0].value #獲取第一行第一列的單元格對象的值
print rows[len(rows)-1] #獲取最後行 print rows[-1]
print rows[len(rows)-1][len(rows[0])-1] #獲取第後一行和最後一列的單元格對象
print rows[len(rows)-1][len(rows[0])-1].value #獲取第後一行和最後一列的單元格對象的值
獲取所有的列對象：
#coding=utf-8
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
ws=wb.active
cols=[]
cols = []
for col in ws.iter_cols():
cols.append(col)
print cols #所有列
print cols[0] #獲取第一列
print cols[0][0] #獲取第一列的第一行的單元格對象
print cols[0][0].value #獲取第一列的第一行的值
print "*"*30
print cols[len(cols)-1] #獲取最後一列
print cols[len(cols)-1][len(cols[0])-1] #獲取最後一列的最後一行的單元格對象
print cols[len(cols)-1][len(cols[0])-1].value #獲取最後一列的最後一行的單元格對象的值
6、 操作已經存在的文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
wb.guess_types = True #猜測格式類型
ws=wb.active
ws["D1"]="12%"
print ws["D1"].value
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
#注意如果原文件有一些圖片或者圖標，則保存的時候可能會導致圖片丟失
7、 單元格類型
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
import datetime
wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
ws=wb.active
wb.guess_types = True
ws["A1"]=datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21)
print ws["A1"].number_format
ws["A2"]="12%"
print ws["A2"].number_format
ws["A3"]= 1.1
print ws["A4"].number_format
ws["A4"]= "中國"
print ws["A5"].number_format
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
執行結果：
yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss
0%
General
General
#如果是常規，顯示general,如果是數字，顯示'0.00_ '，如果是百分數顯示0%
數字需要在Excel中設置數字類型，直接寫入的數字是常規類型
8、 使用公式
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
ws1=wb.active
ws1["A1"]=1
ws1["A2"]=2
ws1["A3"]=3
ws1["A4"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"
ws1["A5"] = "=SUM(A1:A3)"
print ws1["A4"].value #打印的是公式內容，不是公式計算後的值,程序無法取到計算後的值
print ws1["A5"].value #打印的是公式內容，不是公式計算後的值,程序無法取到計算後的值
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
9、 合併單元格
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
ws1=wb.active
ws.merge_cells('A2:D2')
ws.unmerge_cells('A2:D2') #合併後的單元格，腳本單獨執行拆分操作會報錯，需要重新執行合併操作再拆分
# or equivalently
ws.merge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)
ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
10、插入一個圖片
需要先安裝Pilow,安全文件是：PIL-fork-1.1.7.win-amd64-py2.7.exe
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image
wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
ws1=wb.active
img = Image('e:\\1.png')
ws1.add_image(img, 'A1')
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
11、 隱藏單元格
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image
wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
ws1=wb.active
ws1.column_dimensions.group('A', 'D', hidden=True) #隱藏a到d列範圍內的列
#ws1.row_dimensions 無group方法
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
12、 畫一個柱狀圖
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import BarChart, Reference, Series
wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
ws1=wb.active
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
for i in range(10):
ws.append([i])
values = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=1, max_col=1, max_row=10)
chart = BarChart()
chart.add_data(values)
ws.add_chart(chart, "E15")
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
13、 畫一個餅圖
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import (PieChart , ProjectedPieChart, Reference)
from openpyxl.chart.series import DataPoint
data = [
['Pie', 'Sold'],
['Apple', 50],
['Cherry', 30],
['Pumpkin', 10],
['Chocolate', 40],
]
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
for row in data:
ws.append(row)
pie = PieChart()
labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=5)
data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=5)
pie.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
pie.set_categories(labels)
pie.title = "Pies sold by category"
# Cut the first slice out of the pie
slice = DataPoint(idx=0, explosion=20)
pie.series[0].data_points = [slice]
ws.add_chart(pie, "D1")
ws = wb.create_sheet(title="Projection")
data = [
['Page', 'Views'],
['Search', 95],
['Products', 4],
['Offers', 0.5],
['Sales', 0.5],
]
for row in data:
ws.append(row)
projected_pie = ProjectedPieChart()
projected_pie.type = "pie"
projected_pie.splitType = "val" # split by value
labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=5)
data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=5)
projected_pie.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
projected_pie.set_categories(labels)
ws.add_chart(projected_pie, "A10")
from copy import deepcopy
projected_bar = deepcopy(projected_pie)
projected_bar.type = "bar"
projected_bar.splitType = 'pos' # split by position
ws.add_chart(projected_bar, "A27")
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
14、 設定一個表格區域，並設定表格的格式
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.worksheet.table import Table, TableStyleInfo
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
data = [
['Apples', 10000, 5000, 8000, 6000],
['Pears', 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000],
['Bananas', 6000, 6000, 6500, 6000],
['Oranges', 500, 300, 200, 700],
]
# add column headings. NB. these must be strings
ws.append(["Fruit", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014"])
for row in data:
ws.append(row)
tab = Table(displayName="Table1", ref="A1:E5")
# Add a default style with striped rows and banded columns
style = TableStyleInfo(name="TableStyleMedium9", showFirstColumn=True,
showLastColumn=True, showRowStripes=True, showColumnStripes=True)
#第一列是否和樣式第一行顏色一行，第二列是否···
#是否隔行換色，是否隔列換色
tab.tableStyleInfo = style
ws.add_table(tab)
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
15、給單元格設定字體顏色
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import colors
from openpyxl.styles import Font
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
a1 = ws['A1']
d4 = ws['D4']
ft = Font(color=colors.RED) # color="FFBB00"，顏色編碼也可以設定顏色
a1.font = ft
d4.font = ft
# If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it::
#italic 傾斜字體
a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the change only affects A1
a1.value = "abc"
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
16、設定字體和大小
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import colors
from openpyxl.styles import Font
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
a1 = ws['A1']
d4 = ws['D4']
a1.value = "abc"
from openpyxl.styles import Font
from copy import copy
ft1 = Font(name=u'宋體', size=14)
ft2 = copy(ft1) #複製字體對象
ft2.name = "Tahoma"
print ft1.name
print ft2.name
print ft2.size # copied from the
a1.font = ft1
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
17、設定行和列的字體
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
col = ws.column_dimensions['A']
col.font = Font(bold=True) #將A列設定爲粗體
row = ws.row_dimensions[1]
row.font = Font(underline="single") #將第一行設定爲下劃線格式
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
18、設定單元格的邊框、字體、顏色、大小和邊框背景色
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
highlight = NamedStyle(name="highlight")
highlight.font = Font(bold=True, size=20,color= "ff0100")
highlight.fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="DDDDDD")#背景填充
bd = Side(style='thick', color="000000")
highlight.border = Border(left=bd, top=bd, right=bd, bottom=bd)
print dir(ws["A1"])
ws["A1"].style =highlight
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")
19、常用的樣式和屬性設置
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill
from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Border, Side, Alignment, Protection, Font
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ft = Font(name=u'微軟雅黑',
size=11,
bold=False,
italic=False,
vertAlign=None,
underline='none',
strike=False,
color='FF000000')
fill = PatternFill(fill_type="solid",
start_color='FFEEFFFF',
end_color='FF001100')
#邊框可以選擇的值爲：'hair', 'medium', 'dashDot', 'dotted', 'mediumDashDot', 'dashed', 'mediumDashed', 'mediumDashDotDot', 'dashDotDot', 'slantDashDot', 'double', 'thick', 'thin']
#diagonal 表示對角線
bd = Border(left=Side(border_style="thin",
color='FF001000'),
right=Side(border_style="thin",
color='FF110000'),
top=Side(border_style="thin",
color='FF110000'),
bottom=Side(border_style="thin",
color='FF110000'),
diagonal=Side(border_style=None,
color='FF000000'),
diagonal_direction=0,
outline=Side(border_style=None,
color='FF000000'),
vertical=Side(border_style=None,
color='FF000000'),
horizontal=Side(border_style=None,
color='FF110000')
)
alignment=Alignment(horizontal='general',
vertical='bottom',
text_rotation=0,
wrap_text=False,
shrink_to_fit=False,
indent=0)
number_format = 'General'
protection = Protection(locked=True,
hidden=False)
ws["B5"].font = ft
ws["B5"].fill =fill
ws["B5"].border = bd
ws["B5"].alignment = alignment
ws["B5"].number_format = number_format
ws["B5"].value ="zeke"
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")