多線程開發之AsyncTask

在Android開發中，當與大量數據交互時，爲提高用戶體驗和內存優化，安卓實現了異步任務機制。有兩種方式，Handler和AsyncTask。今天先說其中的一種AsyncTask。

一個異步任務的執行一般包括以下幾個步驟：

1.execute(Params… params)，調用該方法，執行一個異步任務。

2.onPreExecute()，在execute()方法被調用後執行，一般用來在執行後臺任務前對UI做一些說明。

3.doInBackground(Params… params)，在onPreExecute()方法完成後立即執行，用於執行耗時操作，接收輸入參數並返回結果。這一步還可以調用publishProgress(Progress… values)方法來更新進度條。

4.onProgressUpdate(Progress… values)，在調用publishProgress(Progress… values)時，此方法被執行，同步將進度信息更新到UI上。

5.onPostExecute(Result result)，當後臺操作結束時，此方法將會被調用，計算結果將做爲參數傳遞過來並顯示到UI上。

先來一個簡單的，使用異步加載獲取數據並顯示在listview上

實現效果圖如下

話不多說，直接上代碼：

Activity

/**
 * 異步加載數據並顯示在listview上
 * @author cc
 */
public class AsyncTaskActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ListView at_listview;

    /** 請求URL地址(返回數據中只獲取img和內容標題) */
    public static final String url = "http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index?type=tiyu&key=0bea107901b817f31bafbda687d2753d";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_async_task);

        at_listview = findViewById(R.id.at_listview);

        //啓動異步加載任務
        new News_AnsycTask().execute(url);
    }

    /**
     * 請求數據
     */
    class News_AnsycTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, List<NewInfo>>{

        /**
         * 這個方法裏面的參數就是請求結束的的參數
         * 可以直接放入到adapter裏面去
         * @param newInfos
         */
        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(List<NewInfo> newInfos) {
            super.onPostExecute(newInfos);
            //實現適配器，並顯示到listview上
            NewAdapter adapter = new NewAdapter(AsyncTaskActivity.this, newInfos, at_listview);
            at_listview.setAdapter(adapter);
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            super.onPreExecute();
            Log.i("aact", "onPreExecute");
            Toast.makeText(AsyncTaskActivity.this, "onPreExecute", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

        @Override
        protected void onProgressUpdate(Void... values) {
            super.onProgressUpdate(values);
            Log.i("aact", "onProgressUpdate");
            Toast.makeText(AsyncTaskActivity.this, "onProgressUpdate", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

        /**
         * 執行請求操作
         * @param strings
         * @return
         */
        @Override
        protected List<NewInfo> doInBackground(String... strings) {
            //url地址只有一個
            return getDatas(strings[0]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 用來請求
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    private List<NewInfo> getDatas(String url) {
        //將下載到的數據存入集合
        List<NewInfo> infos = new ArrayList<>();
        try {
            //獲取數據並解析賦值給集合
            String result = getNetwork(new URL(url).openStream());
            NewInfo info = new Gson().fromJson(result, NewInfo.class);
            for (int i = 0; i < info.getResult().getData().size(); i ++){
                NewInfo data = new NewInfo();
                data.setResult(info.getResult());
                infos.add(data);
            }
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return infos;
    }


    /**
     * 下載網絡數據
     * @param is
     * @return
     */
    private String getNetwork(InputStream is){
        InputStreamReader isr;
        String result = "";
        try {
            String line = "";
            isr = new InputStreamReader(is, "utf-8");
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null){
                result += line;
            }
            //釋放資源
            isr.close();
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return result;
    }

}

Adapter

/**
 * 實現新聞界面適配器
 */
public class NewAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

    Activity mactivity;

    List<NewInfo> data;

    ListView mlistview;

    //加載item佈局
    LayoutInflater inflater;

    public NewAdapter(Activity activity, List<NewInfo> datas, ListView listView) {
        this.mactivity = activity;
        this.data = datas;
        this.mlistview = listView;

        inflater = LayoutInflater.from(mactivity);
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return data.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return data.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        //判斷convertView爲空
        ViewHolder viewHolder = null;
        if(convertView == null){
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.new_item, null);
            viewHolder.imageView = convertView.findViewById(R.id.new_img);
            viewHolder.textView = convertView.findViewById(R.id.new_txt);
            //設置tag
            convertView.setTag(viewHolder);
        }else{
            //直接取出tag
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
        }
        Glide
                .with(mactivity)
                .load(data.get(position).getResult().getData().get(position).getThumbnail_pic_s())
                .asBitmap()
                .placeholder(R.mipmap.zwtp)
                .error(R.mipmap.zwtp)
                .into(viewHolder.imageView);
        viewHolder.textView.setText(data.get(position).getResult().getData().get(position).getTitle());

        return convertView;
    }

    //文藝的ViewHolder
    class ViewHolder{
        public ImageView imageView;
        public TextView textView;
    }

}

Model

/**
 * 實體類
 */
public class NewInfo {


    /**
     * reason : 成功的返回
     * result : {"stat":"1","data":[{"uniquekey":"19727cda7f61eba51eb08258bcbaaf07","title":"雙紅會預熱?曝曼聯PK利物浦爭奪英格蘭00後妖星,身價或達7000萬磅","date":"2019-02-20 11:39","category":"體育","author_name":"蜂鳥體育","url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/190220113923055.html","thumbnail_pic_s":"http://01imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/20190220113923_3ddc5fa9863ecbe4e8b4f928b4b59529_4_mwpm_03200403.jpg","thumbnail_pic_s02":"http://01imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/20190220113923_3ddc5fa9863ecbe4e8b4f928b4b59529_1_mwpm_03200403.jpg","thumbnail_pic_s03":"http://01imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/20190220113923_3ddc5fa9863ecbe4e8b4f928b4b59529_3_mwpm_03200403.jpg"},{"uniquekey":"2fd7980c88d54c9201c8d8db12b9ea71","title":"超級盃數據：恆大四次捧杯創歷史 京滬7球鏖戰創單屆紀錄","date":"2019-02-20 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11:30","category":"體育","author_name":"懂球娣","url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/190220113023550.html","thumbnail_pic_s":"http://00imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/2019022011_8206a560be894b2ca849e9d73c3fd7dd_1999_mwpm_03200403.jpg","thumbnail_pic_s02":"http://00imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/2019022011_481d27a4c4b54f1dad42e5f1f6b141b2_0779_mwpm_03200403.jpg","thumbnail_pic_s03":"http://00imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/2019022011_3fadd055d67a403085d452cb1d04f751_1999_mwpm_03200403.jpg"},{"uniquekey":"d3b16887b72c1960a5f31167100a1b72","title":"官宣！湖人球員正式宣佈加盟總冠軍球隊，CBA大結局真的來了","date":"2019-02-20 11:30","category":"體育","author_name":"體育圈one","url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/190220113016562.html","thumbnail_pic_s":"http://05imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/2019022011_0f87f2ee71bd4341a49fbb29beac23e5_8517_cover_mwpm_03200403.jpg","thumbnail_pic_s02":"http://05imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/2019022011_baba5522900940a99fa8f9ea94986e0f_5266_cover_mwpm_03200403.jpg","thumbnail_pic_s03":"http://05imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/2019022011_a6626f81d61d4f85bc59826e72ed8817_0445_cover_mwpm_03200403.jpg"},{"uniquekey":"0823b20f2239a32a9448e69865440245","title":"定了！今年中甲聯賽開幕式落戶四川","date":"2019-02-20 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11:27","category":"體育","author_name":"董球姐","url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/190220112743654.html","thumbnail_pic_s":"http://03imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/20190220112743_aa8a13a00d747ae8e31b51c032696864_3_mwpm_03200403.jpg","thumbnail_pic_s02":"http://03imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/20190220112743_aa8a13a00d747ae8e31b51c032696864_1_mwpm_03200403.jpg","thumbnail_pic_s03":"http://03imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/20190220112743_aa8a13a00d747ae8e31b51c032696864_2_mwpm_03200403.jpg"},{"uniquekey":"c1f514891b024b150c1e41e5c22a2169","title":"火箭真有望達成50勝？4大因素令火箭有望殺進西部前三！","date":"2019-02-20 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     * error_code : 0
     */

    private ResultBean result;



    public ResultBean getResult() {
        return result;
    }

    public void setResult(ResultBean result) {
        this.result = result;
    }


    public static class ResultBean {
        /**
         * stat : 1
         * data : [{
         * "uniquekey":"19727cda7f61eba51eb08258bcbaaf07",
         * "title":"雙紅會預熱?曝曼聯PK利物浦爭奪英格蘭00後妖星,身價或達7000萬磅",
         * "date":"2019-02-20 11:39",
         * "category":"體育",
         * "author_name":"蜂鳥體育",
         * "url":"http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/190220113923055.html",
         * "thumbnail_pic_s":"http://01imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/20190220113923_3ddc5fa9863ecbe4e8b4f928b4b59529_4_mwpm_03200403.jpg",
         * "thumbnail_pic_s02":"http://01imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/20190220113923_3ddc5fa9863ecbe4e8b4f928b4b59529_1_mwpm_03200403.jpg",
         * "thumbnail_pic_s03":"http://01imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/20190220113923_3ddc5fa9863ecbe4e8b4f928b4b59529_3_mwpm_03200403.jpg"}
         */

        private String stat;
        private List<DataBean> data;

        public String getStat() {
            return stat;
        }

        public void setStat(String stat) {
            this.stat = stat;
        }

        public List<DataBean> getData() {
            return data;
        }

        public void setData(List<DataBean> data) {
            this.data = data;
        }

        public static class DataBean {
            /**
             * uniquekey : 19727cda7f61eba51eb08258bcbaaf07
             * title : 雙紅會預熱?曝曼聯PK利物浦爭奪英格蘭00後妖星,身價或達7000萬磅
             * date : 2019-02-20 11:39
             * category : 體育
             * author_name : 蜂鳥體育
             * url : http://mini.eastday.com/mobile/190220113923055.html
             * thumbnail_pic_s : http://01imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/20190220113923_3ddc5fa9863ecbe4e8b4f928b4b59529_4_mwpm_03200403.jpg
             * thumbnail_pic_s02 : http://01imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/20190220113923_3ddc5fa9863ecbe4e8b4f928b4b59529_1_mwpm_03200403.jpg
             * thumbnail_pic_s03 : http://01imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20190220/20190220113923_3ddc5fa9863ecbe4e8b4f928b4b59529_3_mwpm_03200403.jpg
             */

            private String uniquekey;
            private String title;
            private String date;
            private String category;
            private String author_name;
            private String url;
            private String thumbnail_pic_s;
            private String thumbnail_pic_s02;
            private String thumbnail_pic_s03;

            public String getUniquekey() {
                return uniquekey;
            }

            public void setUniquekey(String uniquekey) {
                this.uniquekey = uniquekey;
            }

            public String getTitle() {
                return title;
            }

            public void setTitle(String title) {
                this.title = title;
            }

            public String getDate() {
                return date;
            }

            public void setDate(String date) {
                this.date = date;
            }

            public String getCategory() {
                return category;
            }

            public void setCategory(String category) {
                this.category = category;
            }

            public String getAuthor_name() {
                return author_name;
            }

            public void setAuthor_name(String author_name) {
                this.author_name = author_name;
            }

            public String getUrl() {
                return url;
            }

            public void setUrl(String url) {
                this.url = url;
            }

            public String getThumbnail_pic_s() {
                return thumbnail_pic_s;
            }

            public void setThumbnail_pic_s(String thumbnail_pic_s) {
                this.thumbnail_pic_s = thumbnail_pic_s;
            }

            public String getThumbnail_pic_s02() {
                return thumbnail_pic_s02;
            }

            public void setThumbnail_pic_s02(String thumbnail_pic_s02) {
                this.thumbnail_pic_s02 = thumbnail_pic_s02;
            }

            public String getThumbnail_pic_s03() {
                return thumbnail_pic_s03;
            }

            public void setThumbnail_pic_s03(String thumbnail_pic_s03) {
                this.thumbnail_pic_s03 = thumbnail_pic_s03;
            }
        }
    }
}

 注：代碼很簡單，註釋很明白。有問題可以@出來

後續更新出Handler實現方式，請持續關注。

源碼請點擊這裏下載

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email：[email protected]

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