Robin.c'SQL語法總結

Robin.c'SQL語法總結

<第一部分>ＳＱＬ 語法參考手冊

 

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<第二部分>
-----------------------------------------------
-----------------例子--------------------------
-----------------------------------------------

------------order by
select dwmc,jtdm,sjdm,qydm
from [2005companyinfo]
where jtdm='71093107X' and jtdm=sjdm and sjdm <>qydm
order by qydm

-------------count
select * from            ----------此句很重要
(select jtdm,count(qydm) b from [2005companyinfo]
where  jtdm=sjdm and sjdm <>qydm
group by jtdm) as a       ---------------一張新表
left outer join           ----------------連接
(select dwmc,jtdm  from [2005companyinfo]
where sfjt=1)as b         ---------------一張新表
on a.jtdm=b.jtdm

--------------view
CREATE view ssgs_2004_類別 as

-------------自動填充一列（以字符串）
select info.hyid,'1' as xh
from。。。。
------------精妙SQL語句--------------

說明：複製表(只複製結構,源表名：a 新表名：b)
SQL: select * into b from a where 1<>1
------------拷貝表---------------------------

說明：拷貝表(拷貝數據,源表名：a 目標表名：b)
SQL: insert into b(a, b, c)  select d,e,f from a;
------------------------------------
說明：顯示文章、提交人和最後回覆時間
SQL: select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b
-----------------------------------
說明：外連接查詢(表名1：a 表名2：b)
SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b . a.a = b.c
----------------------------------------
說明：日程安排提前五分鐘提醒
SQL:  select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f開始時間,getdate())>5
--------------------------------------
說明：兩張關聯表，刪除主表中已經在副表中有的信息
SQL:  delete from info where not exists ( select * from infobz where       info.infid=infobz.infid )
-------------------------------------
說明：--
SQL: SELECT A.NUM, A.NAME, B.UPD_DATE, B.PREV_UPD_DATE
  FROM TABLE1,
    (SELECT X.NUM, X.UPD_DATE, Y.UPD_DATE PREV_UPD_DATE
        FROM (SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, INBOUND_QTY, STOCK_ONHAND
                FROM TABLE2
              WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM')) X,
            (SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, STOCK_ONHAND
                FROM TABLE2
              WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') =
                    TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM') &brvbar;&brvbar; '/01','YYYY/MM/DD') - 1, 'YYYY/MM') ) Y,
        WHERE X.NUM = Y.NUM （+）
          AND X.INBOUND_QTY + NVL(Y.STOCK_ONHAND,0) <> X.STOCK_ONHAND ) B
WHERE A.NUM = B.NUM
說明：-------------------------------------------------------
SQL: select *
     from studentinfo
     where not exists(select * from student
             where studentinfo.id=student.id) and 系名稱                          ='"&strdepartmentname&"' and 專業名稱
             ='"&strprofessionname&"'
             order by 性別,生源地,高考總成績
-------------------------------------------------------------
說明：從數據庫中去一年的各單位電話費統計(電話費定額賀電化肥清單兩個表來源）
SQL: SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy') AS telyear,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '01', a.factration)) AS JAN,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '02', a.factration)) AS FRI,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '03', a.factration)) AS MAR,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '04', a.factration)) AS APR,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '05', a.factration)) AS MAY,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '06', a.factration)) AS JUE,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '07', a.factration)) AS JUL,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '08', a.factration)) AS AGU,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '09', a.factration)) AS SEP,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '10', a.factration)) AS OCT,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '11', a.factration)) AS NOV,
      SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '12', a.factration)) AS DEC
FROM (SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, b.telfeedate, b.factration
        FROM TELFEESTAND a, TELFEE b
        WHERE a.tel = b.telfax) a
GROUP BY a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
說明：四表聯查問題：
SQL: select * from a left inner join b . a.a=b.b right inner join c . a.a=c.c  inner join d . a.a=d.d where .....
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
說明：得到表中最小的未使用的ID號
SQL:
SELECT (CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM Handle b WHERE b.HandleID = 1) THEN MIN(HandleID) + 1 ELSE 1 END) as HandleID
 FROM  Handle
 WHERE NOT HandleID IN (SELECT a.HandleID - 1 FROM Handle a)

--------經驗心得(十分常用)----------

---------------複製一張表（有條件的）-----------
SELECT *
INTO a
FROM ssgs_lr_2004
WHERE (主營業務成本 < 30091)
註釋：a爲新表
---------------縱向連接兩張表---------------------
SELECT *
FROM a
UNION
SELECT *
FROM b
註釋：a表b表結構相同
-----------------COUNT(*)數一下記錄數--------------
SELECT COUNT(*) AS Expr1
FROM (SELECT *
       FROM a
       UNION
       SELECT *
       FROM b) DERIVEDTBL
註釋：DERIVEDTBL自動加的
-----------------兩表縱向相連之後生成新表------------
SELECT *
INTO c
FROM (SELECT *
       FROM a
       UNION
       SELECT *
       FROM b) DERIVEDTBL
註釋：a b兩表數據結構相同，（字段數，字段類型同）
-------------橫向連接兩張表---------------------------
SELECT *
FROM d LEFT OUTER JOIN  e
ON d.單位名稱 = e.單位名稱
註釋：left表示d表爲主，d表全記錄顯示，e多不顯示，少則null補
      right表示d表爲主，
------------刪除一些記錄（以一定的條件）--------------
DELETE FROM e
WHERE (主營業務成本 > 6916.9581)
--
DELETE FROM d
WHERE (主營業務收入 = 10674.7751860)
--

註釋：條件可爲<>.<.>
-----------將表中一項加和之後添加到表中-------------------
SELECT 單位名稱, 項目, 主營業務收入
FROM (SELECT *
       FROM d
       UNION
       SELECT 'total' AS 單位名稱, '0' AS 項目,
       SUM(主營業務收入) AS 主營業務收入
       FROM d) DERIVEDTBL
註釋： UNION前的放在表最後
----------更新一列--------------
UPDATE a
SET mark = 0
WHERE (主營業務成本 > 28407.045268)
--------------------按類別加和再求總合匯成一張表----------------
SELECT 'total' AS 單位名稱, '0' AS 項目, SUM(主營業務收入) AS 主營業務收入, '5' as mark
from
(SELECT 'total' AS 單位名稱, '0' AS 項目, SUM(主營業務收入) AS 主營業務收入, mark
FROM h
GROUP BY mark) b
---
SELECT 'total' AS 單位名稱, '0' AS 項目, SUM(主營業務收入) AS 主營業務收入
FROM h 
--加入mark，要使用group by 分組加和

註釋：mark爲類別，b爲別名，不可缺失
--------------把表按行業合計再將合計插入原表---------------------------------
select * from cwxy
union
select  hyid,hy,'小計' as qyid,'小計' as qymc, [03zcbb]
from cwxy_heji 
where hyid not like '合計'
order by hyid,qyid
註釋：合計在每個行業之後,其中hyid\qyid很重要
(先按行業排列\再按企業代碼排列)
--
(SELECT 'total' AS [單位名稱], 'b' AS [項目], SUM([主營業務收入]), mark
FROM h
GROUP BY mark)
UNION
SELECT *
FROM h
ORDER BY mark
------------從一張表中取數據插入另一張表中----------------------------------
INSERT INTO c
    (單位名稱, 項目, 主營業務收入)
SELECT 單位名稱, 項目, 主營業務收入
FROM d
註釋：c爲目標表,插入數據位於目標表所有數據之前

--------------屬於INNER JOIN  .--選出兩表的相同記錄-------------------------

select * from d ,c where d.單位名稱= c.單位名稱

註釋:*則將兩表字段全部選出顯示
------------從一張大表中選出小表中未有的-----------<注意>------------
select * from c
WHERE (not EXISTS
        (select * from d where c.[單位名稱]=d.[單位名稱]))

------從一張大表中選出小表中有的----------------------
select * from c
WHERE (EXISTS
        (select * from d where c.[單位名稱]=d.[單位名稱]))
註釋:not EXISTS表示不存在的
select * from d where c.[單位名稱]=d.[單位名稱]一句中不可寫爲
select * from d , c  where c.[單位名稱]=d.[單位名稱]

---------------複製表中的一列--------------------------
update dbt748 set cid=fd0

（註釋：複製表dbt748 中的列fd0到列cid中）
-------------------------------------------------------

 

未完待續......