看来总结的工作不是那么简单,昨天半夜弄到3点,到现在用户管理部分才完成还不到一半,这部分内容太多了,浓缩很费力。又得找实验例子,不是知道以后的生产环境是咋样的。打好基础吧,天天向上。
这个是管理篇的网络部分。网络部分会用到一些路由的知识,静态路由的。还有什么是DNS,DNS缓存是啥.这篇的目的就是,配置你的电脑,能在局域网中正常使用。也有一些稍微高级的内容如bonding,虚拟机桥接br0等用来做实验用!
先进入主题:
跟本地连接很像的东西,networkmanager 动态网络控制,能够配置自动网络参数,在gnome的applet上面。,就是两台电脑图标连在一起的。
这个东西,主要是在图形界面用的比较多。 但是不能ADSL宽带拨号,得另下工具。可以设置***等。创建无线网络,共享有线,跟windows上做个wifi热点有点像(需要在防火墙上做NAT)。
[root@kikupotter ~]# rpm -qa | grep NetworkManager
NetworkManager-0.8.1-15.el6.x86_64
NetworkManager-glib-0.8.1-15.el6.x86_64
NetworkManager-gnome-0.8.1-15.el6.x86_64
[root@kikupotter ~]# service NetworkManager status
NetworkManager (pid 2262) is running...
[root@kikupotter ~]# chkconfig NetworkManager on
[root@kikupotter ~]# chkconfig --list | grep NetworkManager
NetworkManager 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
NetworkManager-0.8.1-15.el6.x86_64
NetworkManager-glib-0.8.1-15.el6.x86_64
NetworkManager-gnome-0.8.1-15.el6.x86_64
[root@kikupotter ~]# service NetworkManager status
NetworkManager (pid 2262) is running...
[root@kikupotter ~]# chkconfig NetworkManager on
[root@kikupotter ~]# chkconfig --list | grep NetworkManager
NetworkManager 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
网卡部分:
Interface configuration files
/etc/hosts | 本机ip与主机名的关系,如果局域网内没有dns可以为小型的局域网内提供DNS功能。 |
/etc/resolv.conf | DNS服务器地址。 |
/etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg-xxx | 网卡设备配置参数 |
/etc/sysconfig/network | 路由跟主机名相关参数 |
网卡设备配置参数
2. Interface control scripts
网卡配置
配置的时候,我们一定先挂掉NetworkManager 不然网卡配了 ,起不来。 [root@kikupotter ~]# service network restart Shutting down interface eth0: Error: Device 'eth0' (/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/0) disconnecting failed: This device is not active [FAILED] Shutting down interface wlan0: Device state: 3 (disconnected) [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: Error: Connection activation failed: Device not managed by NetworkManager [FAILED] //先挂掉。 [root@kikupotter ~]# service NetworkManager stop Stopping NetworkManager daemon: [ OK ] |
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
IPADDR=192.168.0.1
USERCTL=no
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
IPADDR=192.168.0.1
USERCTL=no
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
ONBOOT=yes
[root@kikupotter ~]# service network restart
Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ]
Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]
Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ]
实验,虚拟机添加了两张网卡,eth0 ,eth1.
[root@kikupotter3 ~]#cd /etc/sysconfig/network-script/
[root@kikupotter3 network-scripts]# touch ifcfg-bond0
[root@kikupotter3 network-scripts]# touch ifcfg-bond0
###bond0
DEVICE=bond0
IPADDR=192.168.1.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
USERCTL=no
BONDING_OPTS='mode=1 miimon=100'
DEVICE=bond0
IPADDR=192.168.1.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
USERCTL=no
BONDING_OPTS='mode=1 miimon=100'
[root@kikupotter3 network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
USERCTL=no
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
USERCTL=no
[root@kikupotter3 network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth1
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
USERCTL=no
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
USERCTL=no
[root@kikupotter3 modprobe.d]# touch bonding.conf
[root@kikupotter3 modprobe.d]# vim bonding.conf
alias bond0 bonding
[root@kikupotter3 modprobe.d]# vim bonding.conf
alias bond0 bonding
[root@kikupotter3 network-scripts]# /etc/init.d/network restart
正在关闭接口 bond0: [确定]
关闭环回接口: [确定]
弹出环回接口: [确定]
弹出界面 bond0: [确定]
[root@kikupotter3 network-scripts]#
正在关闭接口 bond0: [确定]
关闭环回接口: [确定]
弹出环回接口: [确定]
弹出界面 bond0: [确定]
[root@kikupotter3 network-scripts]#
[root@kikupotter3 ~]# ifconfig
bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:00:72:69
inet addr:192.168.122.2 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe00:7269/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2868 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:917 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:211486 (206.5 KiB) TX bytes:125152 (122.2 KiB)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:00:72:69
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2138 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:890 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:171374 (167.3 KiB) TX bytes:121458 (118.6 KiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:00:72:69
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:731 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:28 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:40178 (39.2 KiB) TX bytes:3808 (3.7 KiB)
bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:00:72:69
inet addr:192.168.122.2 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe00:7269/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2868 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:917 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:211486 (206.5 KiB) TX bytes:125152 (122.2 KiB)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:00:72:69
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2138 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:890 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:171374 (167.3 KiB) TX bytes:121458 (118.6 KiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:00:72:69
UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:731 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:28 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:40178 (39.2 KiB) TX bytes:3808 (3.7 KiB)
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-script/
touch ifcfg-br0
touch ifcfg-br0
DEVICE=br0
TYPE=Bridge
IPADDR=192.168.0.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NM_CONTROLLED=no
DELAY=0
TYPE=Bridge
IPADDR=192.168.0.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
NM_CONTROLLED=no
DELAY=0
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-script/ifcfg-xxx
DEVICE=ethX
TYPE=Ethernet
HWADDR=AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=no
BRIDGE=br0
TYPE=Ethernet
HWADDR=AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=no
BRIDGE=br0
物理机如果有双网卡,则在物理机上做bond0,然后虚拟机里又有网卡,那么我们做brbond0(类似桥接卡),vm1的网卡,跟vm2的网卡做brbond0的困绑。(有设备的同学可以做一下 挺简单的)
3. Network function files
网络控制脚本(跟多的控制脚本请参考文档!!大概有十几个)
启动停止网卡:ifup ,ifdown。
这两个脚本 用到了这两个文件,初始化网络的时候用。
/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
网络方面碰到的问题,还不是很多,以后会根据不断的积累来修改完善文章。这一块如果跟网络服务一起写是不是会好一些呢?
看到章的朋友,啊!能不能给些建议!谢谢。