今天特別有成就感， 感謝上帝，是他讓我不輕易放棄。好了下面簡單介紹一下我的問題。我最近在學習 Headfirst servlet JSP 第81頁面關於部署一個小應用。但是無論怎麼調試無法找到servlet，最開始是web.xml裏面的servlet和servlet-mapping位置放錯了，在這裏也提醒一下各位，請一定要仔細檢查這個部署文件，確定沒有錯。
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
version="2.4">
<description>My first web app in Java.</description>
<display-name>My Web App</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ch3beer</servlet-name><!--這是一個虛構的名字，只能夠在描述文件中使用-->
<servlet-class>example.BeerSelect</servlet-class><!--這是一個Servlet的完全限定名字-->
</servlet>
<!--這裏將這個名字映射到供給外部訪問用-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ch3beer</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/Sb.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
把web.xml弄好了之後，再運行，仍然無法找到servlet，通過查詢Tomcat的catalina.2014-05-17.log，發現有如下的錯誤，紅色爲錯誤的問題。
May 17, 2014 11:14:17 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig applicationWebConfig
SEVERE: Parse error in application web.xml file at jndi:/localhost/beer-v1/WEB-INF/web.xml
com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.io.MalformedByteSequenceException: Invalid byte 2 of 2-byte UTF-8 sequence.
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.io.UTF8Reader.invalidByte(UTF8Reader.java:684)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.io.UTF8Reader.read(UTF8Reader.java:369)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLEntityScanner.load(XMLEntityScanner.java:1742)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLEntityScanner.scanData(XMLEntityScanner.java:1242)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLScanner.scanComment(XMLScanner.java:756)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanComment(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:1040)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2954)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:648)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:511)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:808)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:737)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:119)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(AbstractSAXParser.java:1205)
at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(SAXParserImpl.java:522)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.digester.Digester.parse(Digester.java:1675)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.applicationWebConfig(ContextConfig.java:365)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.start(ContextConfig.java:1045)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:265)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:142)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4616)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:799)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:779)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:583)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1079)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:1002)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:506)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1317)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:324)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:142)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1065)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:822)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1057)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:463)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:525)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:754)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:595)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414)
然後通過Google查詢到一篇帖子：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9920758/malformedbytesequenceexception-invalid-byte-2-of-2-byte-utf-8-sequence
通過查詢這個帖子，得到一些提示可能是web.xml文本的格式問題。想了一下的確有可能，因爲我是首先新建立一個文本文件，然後通過修改後綴名稱爲xml.最後通過文本編輯軟件Notepad++將web.xml轉換成utf-8，然後重啓一下tomcat服務就解決這個問題。哈哈，真心不知道，web.xml還有這個講究啊，希望能夠幫助其他的一些朋友。
附錄-utf-8維基的解釋，utf-8目前普遍用在互聯網數據的編碼上面。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
UTF-8 has become the dominant character encoding for the World Wide Web, accounting for more than half of all Web pages。