摘要：SuSE11sp3 64位操作系統、 MySQL5.5.60 rpm安裝包
注：kingtry是我的主機名
一、環境準備
操作系統：SuSE版本11sp3，64位
kingtry:~ # uname -a Linux kingtry 3.0.76-0.11-default #1 SMP Fri Jun 14 08:21:43 UTC 2013 (ccab990) x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux kingtry:~ # cat /etc/SuSE-release SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 (x86_64) VERSION = 11 PATCHLEVEL = 3
二、檢測是否安裝過MySQL
kingtry:~ # rpm -qa | grep -i mysql libmysqlclient_r15-5.0.96-0.6.1 libqt4-sql-mysql-4.6.3-5.25.4 MySQL-client-community-5.1.73-1.sles11 MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.sles11
注意輸出的MySQL-*，表示已經安裝過。lib開頭的可以忽略。
輸入以下命令刪除：
kingtry:~ #rpm -e MySQL-client-community-5.1.73-1.sles11 kingtry:~ #rpm -e MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.sles11
三、軟件準備
MySQL-server-5.5.60-1.sles11.x86_64.rpm MySQL-client-5.5.60-1.sles11.x86_64.rpm
四、安裝過程
kingtry:~ # rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.5.60-1.sles11.x86_64.rpm MySQL-client-5.5.60-1.sles11.x86_64.rpm warning: MySQL-server-5.5.60-1.sles11.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 5072e1f5 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:MySQL-client ########################################### [ 50%] 2:MySQL-server ########################################### [100%] warning: user mysql does not exist - using root warning: group mysql does not exist - using root insserv: Service network is missed in the runlevels 4 to use service mysql mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off 180620 17:57:38 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap. 180620 17:57:38 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.60) starting as process 3576 ... 180620 17:57:39 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap. 180620 17:57:39 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.60) starting as process 3583 ... PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h kingtry password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run: /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/
五、安裝完成
簡單的安裝過程，只需上面一個命令即可，當前版本root密碼爲空，可以使用mysql命令直接連接登陸。
注：默認安裝之後mysql服務並沒有自動啓動
六、安裝後配置之遷移數據庫目錄
rpm這種安裝方式默認將數據文件安裝到/var/lib/mysql這個目錄下面，通常都需要遷移到其他目錄下，如遷移到/data目錄下
kingtry:~ # mkdir /data kingtry:~ # mv /var/lib/mysql /data
需要注意的是，在此之前，mysql相關配置都是採用默認值。如果mysql所有選項都採用默認值，則即使沒有my.cnf這個文件，服務也能正常啓動。
但是，我們修改了數據文件的路徑，那就要在my.cnf中指定。
1，複製my.cnf模板文件
模板文件在/usr/share/mysql目錄下，有多個，複製其中任意一個
kingtry:~ # cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
修改相關參數，主要是socket, datadir， 如下：
# Example MySQL config file for medium systems. # # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with # other programs (such as a web server) # # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of # locations which depend on the deployment platform. # You can copy this option file to one of those # locations. For information about these locations, see: # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html # # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program # with the "--help" option. # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock default-character-set=utf8 # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server [mysqld] port = 3306 datadir = /data/mysql socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock character-set-server=utf8 pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid user = mysql lower_case_table_names=1 max_connections=1000 #bind-address = 127.0.0.1 #skip-name-resolve skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 16M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 64 sort_buffer_size = 512K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! # #skip-networking # Replication Master Server (default) # binary logging is required for replication log-bin=/data/mysql/mysql-bin # binary logging format - mixed recommended binlog_format=mixed # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1 # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set # but will not function as a master if omitted server-id = 1 # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this) # # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between # two methods : # # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) - # the syntax is: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>, # MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ; # # where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and # <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default). # # Example: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306, # MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret'; # # OR # # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then # start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example # if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to # connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later # change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and # overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown # the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server. # For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched # (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above) # # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1 # (and different from the master) # defaults to 2 if master-host is set # but will not function as a slave if omitted #server-id = 2 # # The replication master for this slave - required #master-host = <hostname> # # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting # to the master - required #master-user = <username> # # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to # the master - required #master-password = <password> # # The port the master is listening on. # optional - defaults to 3306 #master-port = <port> # # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended #log-bin=mysql-bin # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables #innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size #innodb_log_file_size = 5M #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 slow_query_log = 1 long_query_time = 10 log-queries-not-using-indexes log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.err expire-logs-days = 10 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 20M sort_buffer_size = 20M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout
七、啓動mysql服務即可
kingtry:~ # service mysql start done Starting MySQL. done kingtry:~ #
檢查MySQL服務是否已經啓動：
kingtry:~ # netstat -nat | grep 3306
八、安裝後配置之root密碼修改
默認情況下root密碼爲空，這在生產環境下肯定不行的。修改root密碼的方式有以下兩種，隨便哪個都行：
1、命令方式（注：首次修改密碼，修改前密碼爲空）
kingtry:~ # mysqladmin -u root password 'root123'
要注意如果執行以上步驟之後root密碼已經不爲空，如果此時想再次修改root密碼，上面命令就不行了，需要用到下面的命令：
kingtry:~ # mysqladmin -u root -p password 'root1234' Enter password:
這是交互式方式修改，輸入的當前密碼，password參數後面跟隨的是想要修改成的密碼
2、修改庫表數據方式
先登陸mysql服務器
mysql> use mysql
mysql> update user set password=password('root123') where user='root';
mysql> commit;九、防火牆允許3306端口
kingtry:~ # vi /etc/sysconfig/SuSEfirewall2
在FW_SERVICES_EXT_TCP增加3306端口，如果存在其他端口，則空格隔開，如：
FW_SERVICES_EXT_TCP="21 22 3306"
重啓防火牆：
# rcSuSEfirewall2 restart
十、設置遠程訪問
先登陸mysql服務器，授權root用戶可以遠程登陸
mysql> grant all PRIVILEGES on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
注：生產環境最好只允許root在特定IP的機器上才能遠程訪問。