摘要：SuSE11sp3 64位操作系統、 MySQL5.7.22 rpm安裝包
5.7版本與先前版本安裝有所區別，需要注意
注：kingtry是我的主機名
一、環境準備
操作系統：SuSE版本11sp3，64位
kingtry:~ # uname -a Linux kingtry 3.0.76-0.11-default #1 SMP Fri Jun 14 08:21:43 UTC 2013 (ccab990) x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux kingtry:~ # cat /etc/SuSE-release SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 (x86_64) VERSION = 11 PATCHLEVEL = 3
二、檢測是否安裝過MySQL
我的電腦上顯示以前安裝過5.1.73版本的mysql，這個顯示信息與實際情況相關。
kingtry:~ # rpm -qa | grep -i mysql libmysqlclient_r15-5.0.96-0.6.1 libqt4-sql-mysql-4.6.3-5.25.4 MySQL-client-community-5.1.73-1.sles11 MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.sles11
注意輸出的MySQL-*，表示已經安裝過。lib開頭的可以忽略。
輸入以下命令刪除：
kingtry:~ #rpm -e MySQL-client-community-5.1.73-1.sles11 kingtry:~ #rpm -e MySQL-server-community-5.1.73-1.sles11
三、軟件準備
mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.sles11.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.sles11.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.sles11.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.sles11.x86_64.rpm
四、安裝軟件
注：4個rpm安裝包，有依賴關係，按照以下順序分別安裝即可。
kingtry:~ # rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.sles11.x86_64.rpm kingtry:~ # rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.sles11.x86_64.rpm kingtry:~ # rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.sles11.x86_64.rpm kingtry:~ # rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.sles11.x86_64.rpm
如果想查詢rpm包詳細的安裝文件列表及每個文件的實際存儲路徑，可通過命令rpm -ql來查詢，如：
kingtry:~ # rpm -ql mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.sles11 /usr/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql_config_editor /usr/bin/mysqladmin /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/bin/mysqlcheck /usr/bin/mysqldump /usr/bin/mysqlimport /usr/bin/mysqlpump /usr/bin/mysqlshow /usr/bin/mysqlslap /usr/share/doc/packages/mysql-community-client /usr/share/doc/packages/mysql-community-client/COPYING /usr/share/doc/packages/mysql-community-client/README /usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysql_config_editor.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqladmin.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlbinlog.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlcheck.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqldump.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlimport.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlpump.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlshow.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlslap.1.gz
五、修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf
軟件安裝之後自動生成/etc/my.cnf文件，實際生成文件內容比較簡單，下面是我修改之後的
# For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock default-character-set=utf8 # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server [mysqld] port = 3306 datadir = /data/mysql/data tmpdir = /data/mysql/tmp socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock character-set-server = utf8 collation-server = utf8_general_ci pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid user = mysql explicit_defaults_for_timestamp lower_case_table_names = 1 max_connections = 1000 back_log = 1024 open_files_limit = 10240 table_open_cache = 5120 #bind-address = 127.0.0.1 #skip-name-resolve skip-external-locking local-infile = 1 key_buffer_size = 32M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 64 sort_buffer_size = 512K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement, # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! # #skip-networking # Replication Master Server (default) # binary logging is required for replication log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql-bin # binary logging format - mixed recommended binlog_format = mixed # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1 # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set # but will not function as a master if omitted server-id = 1 # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this) # # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between # two methods : # # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) - # the syntax is: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>, # MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ; # # where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and # <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default). # # Example: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306, # MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret'; # # OR # # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then # start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example # if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to # connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later # change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and # overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown # the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server. # For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched # (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above) # # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1 # (and different from the master) # defaults to 2 if master-host is set # but will not function as a slave if omitted #server-id = 2 # # The replication master for this slave - required #master-host = <hostname> # # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting # to the master - required #master-user = <username> # # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to # the master - required #master-password = <password> # # The port the master is listening on. # optional - defaults to 3306 #master-port = <port> # # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended #log-bin=mysql-bin # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables #innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size #innodb_log_file_size = 5M #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 2 innodb_read_io_threads = 8 innodb_write_io_threads = 8 innodb_purge_threads = 1 slow_query_log = 1 long_query_time = 10 log-queries-not-using-indexes log-error = /data/mysql/mysql.err expire-logs-days = 10 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 512M net_buffer_length = 16384 [mysql] auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 20M sort_buffer_size = 20M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout
六、初始化數據庫
注：5.7版本的rpm包安裝之後默認不再創建數據庫，mysql服務也不會自動啓動。但是它還是自動增加了系統用戶mysql。
kingtry:~ # mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,tmp} #創建存放數據文件目錄，data與tmp之間不能爲空格
kingtry:~ # chown -R mysql /data/mysql
kingtry:~ # mysqld --initialize --datadir=/data/mysql/data/ --user=mysql #初始化初始化成功之後，會將root的默認密碼寫入文件：/data/mysql/mysql.err 中，如下：
A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: _tVUgaq%P25Q #這就是root的默認密碼
七、啓動mysql服務即可
kingtry:~ # service mysql start done Starting MySQL. done kingtry:~ #
檢查MySQL服務是否已經啓動：
kingtry:~ # netstat -nat | grep 3306
八、安裝後配置之root密碼修改
root初始密碼自動生成，默認存放在/data/mysql/mysql.err 中。修改root密碼的方式有以下兩種，隨便哪個都行：
1、命令方式
kingtry:~ # mysqladmin -u root -p password 'root123' Enter password:
2、修改庫表數據方式
先登陸mysql服務器
mysql> set password=password('root123')九、防火牆允許3306端口
kingtry:~ # vi /etc/sysconfig/SuSEfirewall2
在FW_SERVICES_EXT_TCP增加3306端口，如果存在其他端口，則空格隔開，如：
FW_SERVICES_EXT_TCP="21 22 3306"
重啓防火牆：
# rcSuSEfirewall2 restart
十、設置遠程訪問
先登陸mysql服務器，授權root用戶可以遠程登陸
mysql> grant all PRIVILEGES on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
注：生產環境最好只允許root在特定IP的機器上才能遠程訪問。
關於RPM安裝方式說明：
顯面易見的是簡單；
但缺點也比較突出：不靈活，通過RPM管理的單個系統中只能安裝一套MySQL