nginx rewrite 参数和例子

推荐参考地址：
MailinglistARChives官方讨论区
http://marc.info/?l=nginx

Nginx常见应用技术指南[NginxTips]
http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-1685-1-1.html

本日志内容来自互联网和平日使用经验，整理一下方便日后参考。

正则表达式匹配，其中：

1. *~为区分大小写匹配

2. *~*为不区分大小写匹配

3. *!~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配

文件及目录匹配，其中：

1. *-f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件

2. *-d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录

3. *-e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录

4. *-x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行

flag标记有：

1. *last相当于Apache里的[L]标记，表示完成rewrite

2. *break终止匹配,不再匹配后面的规则

3. *redirect返回302临时重定向地址栏会显示跳转后的地址

4. *permanent返回301永久重定向地址栏会显示跳转后的地址

一些可用的全局变量有，可以用做条件判断(待补全)

1. $args

2. $content_length

3. $content_type

4. $document_root

5. $document_uri

6. $host

7. $http_user_agent

8. $http_cookie

9. $limit_rate

10. $request_body_file

11. $request_method

12. $remote_addr

13. $remote_port

14. $remote_user

15. $request_filename

16. $request_uri

17. $query_string

18. $scheme

19. $server_protocol

20. $server_addr

21. $server_name

22. $server_port

23. $uri

结合QeePHP的例子

1. if(!-d$request_filename){

2. rewrite^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$/index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3last;

3. rewrite^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$/index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1last;

4. break;

多目录转成参数
abc.domian.com/sort/2=>abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2

1. if($host~*(.*)\.domain\.com){

2. set$sub_name$1;

3. rewrite^/sort\/(\d+)\/?$/index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1last;

4. }

目录对换
/123456/xxxx->/xxxx?id=123456

1. rewrite^/(\d+)/(.+)//$2?id=$1last;

例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下：

1. if($http_user_agent~MSIE){

2. rewrite^(.*)$/nginx-ie/$1break;

3. }

目录自动加“/”

1. if(-d$request_filename){

2. rewrite^/(.*)([^/])$http://$host/$1$2/permanent;

3. }

禁止htaccess

1. location~/\.ht{

2. denyall;

3. }

禁止多个目录

1. location~^/(cron|templates)/{

2. denyall;

3. break;

4. }

禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;

1. location~^/data{

2. denyall;

3. }

禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求

1. location/searchword/cron/{

2. denyall;

3. }

禁止单个文件

1. location~/data/sql/data.sql{

2. denyall;

3. }

给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志

1. location~(favicon.ico){

2. log_not_foundoff;

3. expires99d;

4. break;

5. }

7. location~(robots.txt){

8. log_not_foundoff;

9. expires7d;

10. break;

11. }

设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒，并不记录访问日志

1. location^~/html/scripts/loadhead_1.js{

2. access_logoff;

3. root/opt/lampp/htdocs/web;

4. expires600;

5. break;

6. }

文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return412为自定义的http状态码，默认为403，方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite^/http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_logoff;”不记录访问日志，减轻压力
“expires3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存

1. location~*^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)${

2. valid_referersnoneblocked*.c1gstudio.com*.c1gstudio.netlocalhost208.97.167.194;

3. if($invalid_referer){

4. rewrite^/http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;

5. return412;

6. break;

7. }

8. access_logoff;

9. root/opt/lampp/htdocs/web;

10. expires3d;

11. break;

12. }

只充许固定ip访问网站，并加上密码

1. root/opt/htdocs/www;

2. allow208.97.167.194;

3. allow222.33.1.2;

4. allow231.152.49.4;

5. denyall;

6. auth_basic"C1G_ADMIN";

7. auth_basic_user_filehtpasswd;

将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件，增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html指向/job/123/456/789.html

1. rewrite^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$/job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.htmllast;

将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/指向/area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent，那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/

1. rewrite^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$/area/$1/$2last;

上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai时将不会匹配

1. rewrite^/([0-9a-z]+)job$/area/$1/last;

2. rewrite^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$/area/$1/$2last;

这样/shanghai也可以访问了，但页面中的相对链接无法使用，
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。

那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d$request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录，而我的rewrite不是的，所以没有效果

1. if(-d$request_filename){

2. rewrite^/(.*)([^/])$http://$host/$1$2/permanent;

3. }

知道原因后就好办了，让我手动跳转吧

1. rewrite^/([0-9a-z]+)job$/$1job/permanent;

2. rewrite^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$/area/$1/$2last;

文件和目录不存在的时候重定向：

1. if(!-e$request_filename){

2. proxy_passhttp://127.0.0.1;

3. }

域名跳转

1. server

2. {

3. listen80;

4. server_namejump.c1gstudio.com;

5. indexindex.htmlindex.htmindex.php;

6. root/opt/lampp/htdocs/www;

7. rewrite^/http://www.c1gstudio.com/;

8. access_logoff;

9. }

多域名转向

1. server_namewww.c1gstudio.comwww.c1gstudio.net;

2. indexindex.htmlindex.htmindex.php;

3. root/opt/lampp/htdocs;

4. if($host~"c1gstudio\.net"){

5. rewrite^(.*)http://www.c1gstudio.com$1permanent;

6. }

三级域名跳转

1. if($http_host~*"^(.*)\.i\.c1gstudio\.com$"){

2. rewrite^(.*)http://top.c1gstudio.com$1;

3. break;

4. }

域名镜向

1. server

2. {

3. listen80;

4. server_namemirror.c1gstudio.com;

5. indexindex.htmlindex.htmindex.php;

6. root/opt/lampp/htdocs/www;

7. rewrite^/(.*)http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1last;

8. access_logoff;

9. }

某个子目录作镜向

1. location^~/zhaopinhui{

2. rewrite^.+http://zph.c1gstudio.com/last;

3. break;

4. }

discuzucenterhome(uchome)rewrite

1. rewrite^/(space|network)-(.+)\.html$/$1.php?rewrite=$2last;

2. rewrite^/(space|network)\.html$/$1.phplast;

3. rewrite^/([0-9]+)$/space.php?uid=$1last;

discuz7rewrite

1. rewrite^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$$1/archiver/index.php?$2last;

2. rewrite^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$$1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3last;

3. rewrite^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$$1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\%3D$4&page=$3last;

4. rewrite^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$$1/viewpro.php?$2=$3last;

5. rewrite^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$$1/space.php?$2=$3last;

6. rewrite^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$$1/tag.php?name=$2last;

给discuz某版块单独配置域名

1. server_namebbs.c1gstudio.comnews.c1gstudio.com;

3. location=/{

4. if($http_host~news\.c1gstudio.com$){

5. rewrite^.+http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.htmllast;

6. break;

7. }

8. }

discuzucenter头像rewrite优化

1. location^~/ucenter{

2. location~.*\.php?$

3. {

4. #fastcgi_passunix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

5. fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;

6. fastcgi_indexindex.php;

7. includefcgi.conf;

8. }

10. location/ucenter/data/avatar{

11. log_not_foundoff;

12. access_logoff;

13. location~/(.*)_big\.jpg${

14. error_page404/ucenter/p_w_picpaths/noavatar_big.gif;

15. }

16. location~/(.*)_middle\.jpg${

17. error_page404/ucenter/p_w_picpaths/noavatar_middle.gif;

18. }

19. location~/(.*)_small\.jpg${

20. error_page404/ucenter/p_w_picpaths/noavatar_small.gif;

21. }

22. expires300;

23. break;

24. }

25. }

jspacerewrite

1. location~.*\.php?$

2. {

3. #fastcgi_passunix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

4. fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;

5. fastcgi_indexindex.php;

6. includefcgi.conf;

7. }

9. location~*^/index.php/

10. {

11. rewrite^/index.php/(.*)/index.php?$1break;

12. fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;

13. fastcgi_indexindex.php;

14. includefcgi.conf;

15. }

wordpre***ewrite

1. location/{

2. indexindex.htmlindex.php;

3. if(-f$request_filename/index.html){

4. rewrite(.*)$1/index.htmlbreak;

5. }

6. if(-f$request_filename/index.php){

7. rewrite(.*)$1/index.php;

8. }

9. if(!-e$request_filename)

10. {

11. rewrite(.*)/index.php;

12. }

13. }

2010-1-11更新

discuzx1.5rewrite

1. rewrite^([^\.]*)/topic-(.+)\.html$$1/portal.php?mod=topic&topic=$2last;

2. rewrite^([^\.]*)/article-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$$1/portal.php?mod=view&aid=$2&page=$3last;

3. rewrite^([^\.]*)/forum-(\w+)-([0-9]+)\.html$$1/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=$2&page=$3last;

4. rewrite^([^\.]*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$$1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3last;

5. rewrite^([^\.]*)/group-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$$1/forum.php?mod=group&fid=$2&page=$3last;

6. rewrite^([^\.]*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$$1/home.php?mod=space&$2=$3last;

7. rewrite^([^\.]*)/([a-z]+)-(.+)\.html$$1/$2.php?rewrite=$3last;

8. if(!-e$request_filename){

9. return404;

10. }

动态参数rewrite
以discuz7.2到discuzx1.5为例

1. if($query_string~*tid=([0-9]+)){

2. set$id$1;

3. rewrite"^(.*)/viewthread.php$"$1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$id&extra=page%3D&page=1last;

4. }

5. if($query_string~*gid=([0-9]+)){

6. set$id$1;

7. rewrite"^(.*)/index.php$"$1/forum.php?gid=$idlast;

8. }

9. rewrite^([^\.]*)/archiver/$$1/forum.php?archiver=1last;

2011-4-21更新

nginx嵌套if
nginx不支持ifand和多层嵌套if,让我头痛很久,需要通过其它方法实现.
下面是把访问镜像网站cnc.c1gstudio.com的爬虫转到www站.

1. set$needrewrite'';

2. if($http_user_agent~*(baiduspider|googlebot|soso|bing|sogou|yahoo|sohu-search|yodao|YoudaoBot|robozilla|msnbot|MJ12bot|NHN|Twiceler)){

3. set$needrewrite'o';

4. }

5. if($host~cnc\.c1gstudio\.com){

6. set$needrewrite"${needrewrite}k";

7. }

8. if($needrewrite=ok){

9. #return403;

10. rewrite^(.*)http://www.c1gstudio.com$1permanent;

11. }

reloadnginx后可以用curl来做测试
curl-I-A“soso”cnc.c1gstudio.com

apache转nginx规则工具
http://www.ubuntuset.com/apache2nginx