Spring MVC介紹（二）之 Spring MVC 執行流程解析

Spring MVC介紹（二）之 Spring MVC 執行流程解析

一、MVC組件執行流程

回顧一下MVC的體系結構與組件執行流程，如下圖：

dispatcherServlet -> handlermapping ->基於url查找handler -> handlerAdapter
-> 基於handler找到adapter  -> 由adapter找到我們的 handler -> 執行業務處理返回 modelAndView
-> viewResolver -> 基於viweName找到view -> 執行視圖解析 -> 返回前端

再來看一個例子，基於beanNameHandlerMapper的示例：

BeanNameControl.java

package com.demo.spring.mvc.control;

import org.springframework.web.HttpRequestHandler;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * com.demo.spring.mvc.control
 *
 * @author Zyy
 * @date 2019/2/24 15:34
 */
public class BeanNameControl implements HttpRequestHandler {
    @Override
    public void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        httpServletResponse.getWriter().println("BeanName Control");
    }
}

spring-mvc_beanName.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <bean id="/beanName" class="com.demo.spring.mvc.control.BeanNameControl"></bean>


</beans>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
         id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">

    <display-name>spring-mvc</display-name>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>
                classpath:/spring-mvc_beanName.xml
            </param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>/index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

此時啓動容器，訪問 http://localhost:8080/spring_mvc/beanName ，可以看到顯示的是我們control返回的數據。

BeanName Control

我們在此之前未配置HandlerMapping、HandlerAdapter、InternalResourceViewResolver，爲何還是能找到呢？原因是因爲spring有個默認的配置：

路徑如下：

org\springframework\spring-webmvc\4.3.8.RELEASE\spring-webmvc-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar!\org\springframework\web\servlet\DispatcherServlet.properties

DispatcherServlet.properties

# Default implementation classes for DispatcherServlet's strategy interfaces.
# Used as fallback when no matching beans are found in the DispatcherServlet context.
# Not meant to be customized by application developers.

org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.ThemeResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.theme.FixedThemeResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping=org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,\
	org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping

org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter,\
	org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter,\
	org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter

org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerExceptionResolver,\
	org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.ResponseStatusExceptionResolver,\
	org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.RequestToViewNameTranslator=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.DefaultRequestToViewNameTranslator

org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.FlashMapManager=org.springframework.web.servlet.support.SessionFlashMapManager

在這裏面可以看到：

BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping
HttpRequestHandlerAdapter
InternalResourceViewResolver

由此我們知道，spring有一套默認的mvc處理實現。

二、HandlerMapping

HandlerMapping爲mvc中url路徑與control對象的映射，dispatcherServlet就是基於handlerMapping組件來尋找對應的control，找不到時會拋出異常 noHandlerFound異常。

HandlerMapping.java

package org.springframework.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

public interface HandlerMapping {
    String PATH_WITHIN_HANDLER_MAPPING_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".pathWithinHandlerMapping";
    String BEST_MATCHING_PATTERN_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".bestMatchingPattern";
    String INTROSPECT_TYPE_LEVEL_MAPPING = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".introspectTypeLevelMapping";
    String URI_TEMPLATE_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".uriTemplateVariables";
    String MATRIX_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".matrixVariables";
    String PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".producibleMediaTypes";

    HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest var1) throws Exception;
}

其實現類，如下：

目前大部分使用其中三種：

1、org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping：

基於bean name查找，在xml以“/”開頭

<bean id="/beanName" class="com.demo.spring.mvc.control.BeanNameControl"></bean>

2、org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping

手動在xml中配置url與control映射

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
    <property name="urlMap">
        <props>
            <prop key="/hello.do">simple</prop>
        </props>
    </property>
</bean>

3、org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping

基於@RequestMapping 註解，配置對應映射

AnnotationControl.java

package com.demo.spring.mvc.control;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

/**
 * com.demo.spring.mvc.control
 *
 * @author Zyy
 * @date 2019/2/24 16:35
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/annotation")
public class AnnotationControl {

    @RequestMapping("/")
    public ModelAndView get() {
        //mapped to localhost:8080/spring_mvc/annotation/
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("userView");
        modelAndView.addObject("name","this is /annotation/");
        return modelAndView;
    }
    @RequestMapping("/index")
    public ModelAndView index() {
        //mapped to localhost:8080/spring_mvc/annotation/index/
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("userView");
        modelAndView.addObject("name","this is /annotation/index");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

spring-mvc-annotation.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.demo.spring.mvc.control" />

    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!-- 視圖倉庫 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
    </bean>
</beans>

web.xml

classpath:/spring-mvc-annotation.xml

當ioc中實例化這些類之後，dispatcherServlet就會通過org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#getHandler(HttpServletRequest request)方法基於request，查找對應的handler，這裏就會用到的HandlerAdapter，根據handler的不用採用不同的handlerAdapter（適配器模式）。

三、HandlerAdapter

Spring mvc採用適配器模式來適配調用指定的handler，根據handler的不同種類，採用不同的Adapter，其中handler與handlerAdapter對應關係如下：

Handler類別	HandlerAdapter	描述
Control	SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter	標準控制器，返回ModelAndView
HttpRequestHandler	HttpRequestHandlerAdapter	業務自行處理請求，不需要通過ModelAndView轉到視圖
Servlet	SimpleServletHandlerAdapter	基於標準的Servlet處理
HandlerMethod	RequestMappingHandlerAdapter	基於@RequestMapping對應方法處理

HandlerAdapter.java

package org.springframework.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public interface HandlerAdapter {
    boolean supports(Object var1);

    ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest var1, HttpServletResponse var2, Object var3) throws Exception;

    long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest var1, Object var2);
}

其中xml配置，例如：

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>

當ioc容器實例化配置的類之後，dispatcherServlet會通過org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#getHandlerAdapter來獲取HandlerAdapter，如果找不到則拋出異常 No adapter for handler。

四、ViewResolver 與 View

找到對應的Adapter之後，就會基於適配器調用業務處理，處理完成之後，業務方法會返回一個ModelAndView，接下來會去查找對應的視圖進行處理，dispatcherServlet會通過調用org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#resolveViewName，遍歷viewResolvers，然後根據viewName找到對應的View，如果找不到則拋出異常：
Could not resolve view with name。

ViewResolver viewResolver = (ViewResolver)var5.next();
view = viewResolver.resolveViewName(viewName, locale

ViewResolver.java

package org.springframework.web.servlet;

import java.util.Locale;

public interface ViewResolver {
    View resolveViewName(String var1, Locale var2) throws Exception;
}

View.java

package org.springframework.web.servlet;

import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public interface View {
    String RESPONSE_STATUS_ATTRIBUTE = View.class.getName() + ".responseStatus";
    String PATH_VARIABLES = View.class.getName() + ".pathVariables";
    String SELECTED_CONTENT_TYPE = View.class.getName() + ".selectedContentType";

    String getContentType();

    void render(Map<String, ?> var1, HttpServletRequest var2, HttpServletResponse var3) throws Exception;
}

ViewResolver調用resolveViewName方法來獲取對應的view，然後解析生成對應的html，然後返回前臺。

五、HandlerExceptionResolver

當出現異常時，dispatcherServlet會調用org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#processHandlerException方法，遍歷handlerExceptionResolvers，然後進行異常處理，處理完成之後返回errorView跳轉到我們的異常視圖進行顯示。

HandlerExceptionResolver.java

package org.springframework.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public interface HandlerExceptionResolver {
    ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest var1, HttpServletResponse var2, Object var3, Exception var4);
}

示例代碼：

SimpleExceptionHandler.java

package com.demo.spring.mvc.control;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * com.demo.spring.mvc.control
 *
 * @author Zyy
 * @date 2019/2/24 17:41
 */
public class SimpleExceptionHandler implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) {
        return new ModelAndView("error");
    }
}

spring-mvc.xml

<!-- 自定義異常處理器 -->
<bean class="com.demo.spring.mvc.control.SimpleExceptionHandler"/>

web.xml

classpath:/spring-mvc-interceptors.xml

六、HandlerInterceptor

除了異常處理之外，spring mvc還引入了攔截器interceptor機制，類似Filter。

HandlerInterceptor.java

package org.springframework.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public interface HandlerInterceptor {
    boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest var1, HttpServletResponse var2, Object var3) throws Exception;

    void postHandle(HttpServletRequest var1, HttpServletResponse var2, Object var3, ModelAndView var4) throws Exception;

    void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest var1, HttpServletResponse var2, Object var3, Exception var4) throws Exception;
}

示例代碼：

SimpleHandlerInterceptor.java

package com.demo.spring.mvc.control;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * com.demo.spring.mvc.control
 *
 * @author Zyy
 * @date 2019/2/19 22:59
 */
public class SimpleHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("preHandle...");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle...");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion...");
    }
}

spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!--控制器-->
    <bean id="simpleControl" class="com.demo.spring.mvc.control.SimpleControl"/>
    <bean id="handlerInterceptor" class="com.demo.spring.mvc.control.SimpleHandlerInterceptor"></bean>
    <!-- url映謝器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
        <property name="urlMap">
            <props>
                <prop key="/hello.do">simpleControl</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
        <property name="interceptors" ref="handlerInterceptor"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 執行適配器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>

    <!--資源解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 自定義異常處理器 -->
    <bean class="com.demo.spring.mvc.control.SimpleExceptionHandler"/>
</beans>

其中調用過程是在HandlerExecutionChain中進行調用以下方法：

• preHandle ：業務處理前執行
• postHandle ：業務處理後執行（異常則不執行）
• afterCompletion : 視圖處理後執行

整個的MVC 的執行流程可以看下DispatcherServlet中的doDispatch方法。

org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#doDispatch

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