__attribute__((format(printf,m,n)))

可以使編譯器檢查函數聲明和函數實際調用參數之間的格式化字符串是否匹配。

This __attribute__ allows assigning printf-like or scanf-like characteristics to the declared function, and this enables the compiler to check the format string against the parameters provided throughout the code. This is exceptionally helpful in tracking down hard-to-find bugs.

There are two flavors:

• __attribute__((format(printf,m,n)))
• __attribute__((format(scanf,m,n)))

but in practice we use the first one much more often.

The (m) is the number of the "format string" parameter, and (n) is the number of the first variadic parameter. To see some examples:

/* like printf() but to standard error only */
extern void eprintf(const char *format, ...)
	__attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2)));  /* 1=format 2=params */

/* printf only if debugging is at the desired level */
extern void dprintf(int dlevel, const char *format, ...)
	__attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));  /* 2=format 3=params */

With the functions so declared, the compiler will examine the argument lists

$ cat test.c
1  extern void eprintf(const char *format, ...)
2               __attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2)));
3
4  void foo()
5  {
6      eprintf("s=%s\n", 5);             /* error on this line */
7
8      eprintf("n=%d,%d,%d\n", 1, 2);    /* error on this line */
9  }

$ cc -Wall -c test.c
test.c: In function `foo':
test.c:6: warning: format argument is not a pointer (arg 2)
test.c:8: warning: too few arguments for format

Note that the "standard" library functions - printf and the like - are already understood by the compiler by default.

---

format的語法格式爲：

format (archetype, string-index, first-to-check)
　　其中，“archetype”指定是哪種風格；“string-index”指定傳入函數的第幾個參數是格式化字符串；“first-to-check”指定從函數的第幾個參數開始按上述規則進行檢查。
具體的使用如下所示：
__attribute__((format(printf, a, b)))
__attribute__((format(scanf, a, b)))
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作者：huangjh2018 
來源：CSDN 
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/huangjh2017/article/details/76944564 
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