Using DBCA to Create a Data Guard Standby
The Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) can also be used as a simple command-line method to create an Oracle Data Guard physical standby database.
The DBCA command qualifier used to create the physical standby database is createDuplicateDB .
DBCA can only be used to create standby databases for non-multitenant primary databases. In addition, this capability creates only single instance standby databases,not Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) databases. If required, the standby can then be converted to an Oracle RAC standby database, either manually or using Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control.
在 12cR2 （ 12.2.0.1 ）之前創建物理備庫的方法有：
1 、使用 RMAN 備份恢復方法；
2 、在 11g 時可以選擇 duplicate 方式創建物理備庫；通過這種方式直接在線從主庫搭建物理備庫。
到 12cR2 （ 12.2.0.1 ）後， Oracle 又提供更簡單的方式來創建物理備庫，即使用 DBCA 方式直接建立物理備庫。這個功能再次簡化了創建備庫的複雜度。
通過 DBCA 提供的參數 createDuplicateDB 可以很容易的搭建一個物理備庫。其具體語法如下：
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-------------- 12cR2-createDuplicateDB - Command to Duplicate a database. -gdbName <Global database name> -primaryDBConnectionString <EZCONNECT string to connect to primary database for example "host:port/servicename"> -sid <Database system identifier> [-createAsStandby <Option to create a standby database>] [-dbUniqueName <db_unique_name for standby db>] [-customScripts <A comma separated list of SQL scripts which needs to be run post db creation.The scripts are run in order they are listed>] [-datafileDestination <Destination directory for all database files>] [-initParams <Comma separated list of name=value pairs>] [-initParamsEscapeChar <Specify escape character for comma when a specific initParam has multiple values.If the escape character is not specified backslash is the default escape character>] ----------- 18c-createDuplicateDB - Command to Duplicate a database. -gdbName <Global database name> -primaryDBConnectionString <EZCONNECT string to connect to primary database for example "host:port/servicename"> -sid <Database system identifier> [-initParams <Comma separated list of name=value pairs>] [-initParamsEscapeChar <Specify escape character for comma when a specific initParam has multiple values.If the escape character is not specified backslash is the default escape character>] [-policyManaged | -adminManaged] [-policyManaged <Policy managed database, default option is Admin managed database>] -serverPoolName <Specify the single server pool name in case of create server pool or comma separated list in case of existing server pools> [-pqPoolName <value>] [-createServerPool <Create a new server pool, which will be used by the database>] [-pqPoolName <value>] [-forceServerPoolCreation <To create server pool by force when adequate free servers are not available. This may affect the database which is already in running mode>] [-pqCardinality <value>] [-cardinality <Specify the cardinality of the new server pool that is to be created, default is the number of qualified nodes>] [-adminManaged <Admin managed database, this is default option>] [-datafileDestination <Destination directory for all database files>] [-nodelist <Node names separated by comma for the database>] [-databaseConfigType <SINGLE | RAC | RACONENODE>] [-RACOneNodeServiceName <Service name for the service to be created for RAC One Node database. This option is mandatory when the databaseConfigType is RACONENODE>] [-createAsStandby <Option to create a standby database>] [-dbUniqueName <db_unique_name for standby db>] [-customScripts <A comma separated list of SQL scripts which needs to be run post db creation.The scripts are run in order they are listed>] ----------- 19c -createDuplicateDB - Command to Duplicate a database. -gdbName <Global database name> -primaryDBConnectionString <EZCONNECT string to connect to primary database for example "host:port/servicename"> -sid <Database system identifier> [-useWalletForDBCredentials <true | false> Specify true to load database credentials from wallet] -dbCredentialsWalletLocation <Path of the directory containing the wallet files> [-dbCredentialsWalletPassword <Password to open wallet with auto login disabled>] [-initParams <Comma separated list of name=value pairs>] [-initParamsEscapeChar <Specify escape character for comma when a specific initParam has multiple values.If the escape character is not specified backslash is the default escape character>] [-policyManaged | -adminManaged] [-policyManaged <Policy managed database, default option is Admin managed database>] -serverPoolName <Specify the single server pool name in case of create server pool or comma separated list in case of existing server pools> [-pqPoolName <value>] [-createServerPool <Create a new server pool, which will be used by the database>] [-pqPoolName <value>] [-forceServerPoolCreation <To create server pool by force when adequate free servers are not available. This may affect the database which is already in running mode>] [-pqCardinality <value>] [-cardinality <Specify the cardinality of the new server pool that is to be created, default is the number of qualified nodes>] [-adminManaged <Admin managed database, this is default option>] [-datafileDestination <Destination directory for all database files>] [-nodelist <Node names separated by comma for the database>] [-databaseConfigType <SINGLE | RAC | RACONENODE>] [-RACOneNodeServiceName <Service name for the service to be created for RAC One Node database. This option is mandatory when the databaseConfigType is RACONENODE>] [-createAsStandby <Option to create a standby database>] [-dbUniqueName <db_unique_name for standby db>] [-customScripts <A comma separated list of SQL scripts which needs to be run post db creation.The scripts are run in order they are listed>] |
雖然通過 DBCA 能非常簡單的創建一個物理備庫，但是要使用這個功能，必須滿足以下條件：
① 主庫必須是單機環境，非 RAC 數據庫；
② 主庫必須是非 CDB 環境；
如果不滿足以上條件， 那麼 在使用 DBCA 創建備庫的時候，會提示如下錯誤：
若 主庫是 CDB 環境，錯誤如下：
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[FATAL] [DBT-16057] Specified primary database is a container database (CDB).CAUSE: Duplicate database operation is supported only for non container databases. |
若 主庫是 RAC 數據庫，錯誤如下：
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[FATAL] [DBT-16056] Specified primary database is not a Single Instance (SI) database.CAUSE: Duplicate database operation is supported only for SI databases. |
也就說通過 DBCA 搭建出來的備庫也是一個單機非 CDB 的備庫。
需要注意的是，在 12cR2 （ 12.2.0.1 ）中，通過 DBCA 創建物理需要保證主庫是單機非 CDB 的庫，但是從 Oracle 18c （ 12.2.0.2 ）開始，這些限制條件已經取消了，即主庫是 CDB 或 rac 環境都可以通過 dbca 來創建物理備庫。
以下命令爲 18c 中創建 rac 類型的 dg ：
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dbca -silent -createDuplicateDB \-gdbName lhrdb \-sid lhrdbdg \-sysPassword oracle \-primaryDBConnectionString 192.168.20.10:1521/lhrdb \-nodelist rac18c-n1,rac18c-n2 \-adminManaged \-databaseConfigType RAC \-createAsStandby -dbUniqueName lhrdbdg \-datafileDestination '+DATA' \-initParams db_create_file_dest=+DATA, db_create_online_log_dest_1=+DATA,local_listener="(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.20.10)(PORT=1521)))" |
基於同一個主機搭建 單實例的物理 DG （ 19c ）：
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SELECT CDB FROM V$DATABASE; alter database force logging;alter database open;alter database archivelog;alter pluggable database all open;alter pluggable database all save state; select thread#,group#,bytes/1024/1024 SIZE_MB, status,members from v$log;select member from v$logfile;alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 4 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LHR19C/standby_redo04.log' size 50M ;alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LHR19C/standby_redo05.log' size 50M ;alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 6 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LHR19C/standby_redo06.log' size 50M ;alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 7 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LHR19C/standby_redo07.log' size 50M ; --------配置tnslhr19c = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.59.52)(PORT = 1522)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = lhr19c) ) ) lhr19cdg = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.59.52)(PORT = 1522)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = lhr19cdg) ) ) --------配置監聽LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.59.52)(PORT = 1521)) ) ) SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = lhr19c) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/dbhome_1) (SID_NAME = lhr19c) ) (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = lhr19cdg) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/dbhome_1) (SID_NAME = lhr19cdg) ) ) LISTENER_DG = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.59.52)(PORT = 1522)) ) SID_LIST_LISTENER_DG = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = lhr19c) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/dbhome_1) (SID_NAME = lhr19c) ) (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = lhr19cdg) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.2.0/dbhome_1) (SID_NAME = lhr19cdg) ) ) lsnrctl start LISTENER_DG dbca -silent -createDuplicateDB \-gdbName lhr19c \-sid lhr19cdg \-sysPassword lhr \-primaryDBConnectionString 192.168.59.52:1522/lhr19c \-nodelist raclhr-18c-n1 \-databaseConfigType SINGLE \-createAsStandby -dbUniqueName lhr19cdg \-datafileDestination '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lhr19cdg/' \-initParams db_create_file_dest=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lhr19cdg/, db_create_online_log_dest_1=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lhr19cdg/,local_listener="(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.59.52)(PORT=1522)))" --主庫修改參數alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=lhr19c';alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='service=lhr19cdg VALID_FOR=(online_logfiles,primary_role) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=lhr19cdg';alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(lhr19c,lhr19cdg)';alter system set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LHR19CDG/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LHR19C/' scope=spfile;alter system set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LHR19CDG/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LHR19C/' scope=spfile;alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=spfile;alter system set fal_client='lhr19c'; alter system set fal_server='lhr19cdg' sid='*';alter system set local_listener='(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.59.52)(PORT=1522)))','(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.59.52)(PORT=1521)))';shutdown immediatestartup --備庫修改參數alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=lhr19cdg' scope=spfile;alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(lhr19c,lhr19cdg)';alter system set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LHR19C/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LHR19CDG/' scope=spfile;alter system set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LHR19C/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/LHR19CDG/' scope=spfile;alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=spfile;alter system set fal_client='lhr19cdg'; alter system set fal_server='lhr19c' sid='*';alter system set local_listener='(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.59.52)(PORT=1522)))','(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.59.52)(PORT=1521)))'; shutdown immediatestartupalter system register; --備庫查詢實時應用alter database recover managed standby database cancel;alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;! ps -ef|grep ora_mrp select INST_ID, dbid,name,DB_UNIQUE_NAME,current_scn,protection_mode,database_role,force_logging,open_mode,switchover_status from gv$database; COL NAME FOR A100SET LINESIZE 9999 PAGESIZE 9999COL NEXT_CHANGE# FOR 999999999999999SELECT THREAD#, NAME, SEQUENCE#, ARCHIVED, APPLIED, A.NEXT_CHANGE# FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG A WHERE A.SEQUENCE# >= (SELECT MAX(B.SEQUENCE#) - 3 FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG B WHERE B.THREAD# = A.THREAD# AND B.RESETLOGS_CHANGE# = A.RESETLOGS_CHANGE# AND B.RESETLOGS_CHANGE# = (SELECT D.RESETLOGS_CHANGE# FROM V$DATABASE D) AND B.APPLIED = 'YES' GROUP BY B.THREAD#) ORDER BY A.THREAD#, A.SEQUENCE#; |