SQL學習（使用子查詢）

子查詢

任何SQL語句都是查詢，但術語一般指SELECT語句。

利用子查詢進行過濾

mysql> SELECT cust_id FROM orders WHERE order_num IN (20005,20007);
+---------+
| cust_id |
+---------+
|   10001 |
|   10004 |
+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT cust_id FROM orders WHERE order_num IN (SELECT order_num FROM orderitems WHERE prod_id = 'TNT2');
+---------+
| cust_id |
+---------+
|   10001 |
|   10004 |
+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT cust_name,cust_contact FROM customers WHERE cust_id IN (SELECT cust_id FROM orders WHERE order_num IN (SELECT order_num FROM orderitems WHERE prod_id = 'TNT2'));
+----------------+--------------+
| cust_name      | cust_contact |
+----------------+--------------+
| Coyote Inc.    | Y Lee        |
| Yosemite Place | Y Sam        |
+----------------+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

作爲計算字段使用子查詢

mysql> SELECT cust_name,cust_state,(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders WHERE orders.cust_id = customers.cust_id) AS orders FROM customers ORDER BY cust_name;
+----------------+------------+--------+
| cust_name      | cust_state | orders |
+----------------+------------+--------+
| Coyote Inc.    | MI         |      2 |
| E Fudd         | IL         |      1 |
| Mouse House    | OH         |      0 |
| Wascals        | IN         |      1 |
| Yosemite Place | AZ         |      1 |
+----------------+------------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

相關子查詢：涉及外部查詢的子查詢
任何時候只要列名可能有多義性，就必須使用這中語法。

mysql> SELECT cust_name,cust_state,(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders WHERE cust_id = cust_id) AS orders FROM customers ORDER BY cust_name;
+----------------+------------+--------+
| cust_name      | cust_state | orders |
+----------------+------------+--------+
| Coyote Inc.    | MI         |      5 |
| E Fudd         | IL         |      5 |
| Mouse House    | OH         |      5 |
| Wascals        | IN         |      5 |
| Yosemite Place | AZ         |      5 |
+----------------+------------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

如果不指定列名，結果就不會是預期。SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders WHERE cust_id = cust_id總是返回order表中的訂單總數。