UDP的廣播實例

目錄結構

• MessageCreator 數據構造器，用於信息發送的數據格式化

• UDPProvider 用於提供數據，即廣播的接收者

• UDPSearcher 用於搜索支持方，即廣播發送者

MessageCreator類

public class MessageCreator {
    //發送數據包的頭部
    private static final String SN_HEADER = "收到暗號，我是（SN）:";
    private static final String PORT_HEADER = "這是暗號，請回電端口（Port）:";

    //端口構造
    public static String buildWithPort(int port) {
        return PORT_HEADER + port;
    }

    //端口解析
    public static int parsePort(String data) {
        if (data.startsWith(PORT_HEADER)) {
            return Integer.parseInt(data.substring(PORT_HEADER.length()));
        }

        return -1;
    }

    //數據構造
    public static String buildWithSn(String sn) {
        return SN_HEADER + sn;
    }

    //數據解析
    public static String parseSn(String data) {
        if (data.startsWith(SN_HEADER)) {
            return data.substring(SN_HEADER.length());
        }
        return null;
    }

}

UDPProvider類

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * UDP 提供者，用於提供服務
 */
public class UDPProvider {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // 使用UUID生成一份唯一標示
        String sn = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        //數據構造線程
        Provider provider = new Provider(sn);
        provider.start();

        // 讀取任意鍵盤信息後可以退出
        System.in.read();
        provider.exit();
    }

    private static class Provider extends Thread {
        private final String sn;
        private boolean done = false;
        private DatagramSocket ds = null;

        public Provider(String sn) {
            super();
            this.sn = sn;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            super.run();

            System.out.println("UDPProvider Started.");

            try {
                // 監聽20000 端口
                ds = new DatagramSocket(20000);

                while (!done) {

                    // 構建接收實體
                    final byte[] buf = new byte[512];
                    DatagramPacket receivePack = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);

                    // 接收
                    ds.receive(receivePack);

                    // 打印接收到的信息與發送者的信息
                    // 發送者的IP地址
                    String ip = receivePack.getAddress().getHostAddress();
                    int port = receivePack.getPort();
                    int dataLen = receivePack.getLength();
                    String data = new String(receivePack.getData(), 0, dataLen);
                    System.out.println("UDPProvider receive form ip:" + ip
                            + "\tport:" + port + "\tdata:" + data);

                    // 解析端口號
                    int responsePort = MessageCreator.parsePort(data);
                    if (responsePort != -1) {
                        // 構建一份回送數據
                        String responseData = MessageCreator.buildWithSn(sn);
                        byte[] responseDataBytes = responseData.getBytes();
                        // 直接根據發送者構建一份回送信息
                        DatagramPacket responsePacket = new DatagramPacket(responseDataBytes,
                                responseDataBytes.length,
                                receivePack.getAddress(),
                                responsePort);

                        ds.send(responsePacket);
                    }

                }

            }
            //拋出的異常忽略
            catch (Exception ignored) {
            } finally {
                close();
            }

            // 完成
            System.out.println("UDPProvider Finished.");
        }


        //關閉，釋放資源
        private void close() {
            if (ds != null) {
                ds.close();
                ds = null;
            }
        }


        /**
         * 提供結束
         */
        void exit() {
            done = true;
            close();
        }

    }

}

UDPSearcher類

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

/**
 * UDP 搜索者，用於搜索服務支持方
 */
public class UDPSearcher {
    private static final int LISTEN_PORT = 30000;


    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("UDPSearcher Started.");

        //監聽設備
        Listener listener = listen();
        //發送廣播
        sendBroadcast();

        // 讀取任意鍵盤信息後可以退出
        System.in.read();

        //設備信息存儲列表
        List<Device> devices = listener.getDevicesAndClose();

        for (Device device : devices) {
            System.out.println("Device:" + device.toString());
        }

        // 完成
        System.out.println("UDPSearcher Finished.");
    }

    private static Listener listen() throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("UDPSearcher start listen.");
        //阻塞主線程，子線程全部運行完後才運行主線程，數字代表子線程數量
        //此時等待設備連接
        CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
        Listener listener = new Listener(LISTEN_PORT, countDownLatch);
        listener.start();
        //開啓子線程後必須立即調用該方法阻塞主線程
        countDownLatch.await();
        return listener;
    }

    private static void sendBroadcast() throws IOException {
        System.out.println("UDPSearcher sendBroadcast started.");

        // 作爲搜索方，讓系統自動分配端口
        DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket();


        // 構建一份請求數據
        String requestData = MessageCreator.buildWithPort(LISTEN_PORT);
        byte[] requestDataBytes = requestData.getBytes();
        // 直接構建packet
        DatagramPacket requestPacket = new DatagramPacket(requestDataBytes,
                requestDataBytes.length);
        // 20000端口, 廣播地址
        requestPacket.setAddress(InetAddress.getByName("255.255.255.255"));
        requestPacket.setPort(20000);

        // 發送
        ds.send(requestPacket);
        ds.close();

        // 完成
        System.out.println("UDPSearcher sendBroadcast finished.");
    }

    //設備信息表示類
    private static class Device {
        final int port;
        final String ip;
        final String sn;

        private Device(int port, String ip, String sn) {
            this.port = port;
            this.ip = ip;
            this.sn = sn;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Device{" +
                    "port=" + port +
                    ", ip='" + ip + '\'' +
                    ", sn='" + sn + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }
    }

    private static class Listener extends Thread {
        private final int listenPort;
        private final CountDownLatch countDownLatch;
        private final List<Device> devices = new ArrayList<>();
        private boolean done = false;
        private DatagramSocket ds = null;


        public Listener(int listenPort, CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
            super();
            this.listenPort = listenPort;
            this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            super.run();

            // 通知已啓動，表示子線程已完成任務
            countDownLatch.countDown();
            try {
                // 監聽回送端口
                ds = new DatagramSocket(listenPort);


                while (!done) {
                    // 構建接收實體
                    final byte[] buf = new byte[512];
                    DatagramPacket receivePack = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);

                    // 接收
                    ds.receive(receivePack);

                    // 打印接收到的信息與發送者的信息
                    // 發送者的IP地址
                    String ip = receivePack.getAddress().getHostAddress();
                    int port = receivePack.getPort();
                    int dataLen = receivePack.getLength();
                    String data = new String(receivePack.getData(), 0, dataLen);
                    System.out.println("UDPSearcher receive form ip:" + ip
                            + "\tport:" + port + "\tdata:" + data);

                    String sn = MessageCreator.parseSn(data);
                    if (sn != null) {
                        Device device = new Device(port, ip, sn);
                        devices.add(device);
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception ignored) {

            } finally {
                close();
            }
            System.out.println("UDPSearcher listener finished.");

        }

        //關閉，釋放資源
        private void close() {
            if (ds != null) {
                ds.close();
                ds = null;
            }
        }

        List<Device> getDevicesAndClose() {
            done = true;
            close();
            return devices;
        }
    }
}

運行結果

先運行UDPProvider，後運行UDPSearcher。雙方均按任意鍵結束

UDPProvider	UDPSearcher