初識rabbitmq以及spring boot 接入rabbitmq

以下測試是在mac環境，因爲rabbitmq是基於erlang語言開發，所以運行環境必須先安裝erlang版本21：

• 升級erlang至21
  • brew uninstall --ignore-dependencies erlang # 如果之前有安裝舊版本的話，必須先卸載
  • brew search erlang
  • brew install erlang
  • erl #驗證，如果輸出含有Erlang/OTP 21，表示安裝成功！

接着安裝rabbitmq，我本地的安裝目錄是/Users/r/services/rabbitmq:

• 下載 https://www.rabbitmq.com/install-generic-unix.html
• 解壓
  • tar xzvf rabbitmq-server-generic-unix-3.7.14.tar.xz
  • mv rabbitmq-server-generic-unix-3.7.14 rabbitmq
  • cd/Users/r/services/rabbitmq
  • 啓動
    • ./sbin/rabbitmq-server
  • 開啓管理插件
    • ./sbin/rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
    • http://localhost:15672/ 默認賬號密碼：guest/guest
  • 下載rabbitmqadmin
    • http://localhost:15672/cli/rabbitmqadmin
    • cp ~/Downloads/rabbitmqadmin /Users/r/services/rabbitmq/sbin/
    • chmod 755 /Users/r/services/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmqadmin

測試消息發佈流程：核心是先定義exchange，再定義queue，最後，使用routing_key綁定exchange和queue。

• • • ./rabbitmqadmin declare exchange name=my-exchange1 type=fanout
    • ./rabbitmqadmin declare queue name=my-queue1 durable=false
    • ./rabbitmqadmin declare binding source=my-exchange1 destination=my-queue1 destination_type=queue routing_key=mykey1
    • ./rabbitmqadmin publish routing_key=mykey1 exchange=my-exchange1 payload="this is my testing"
    • ./rabbitmqadmin get queue=my-queue1
    • 第二組，同樣的exchange，不同的outing_key和queue：
    • ./rabbitmqadmin declare queue name=my-queue2 durable=false
    • ./rabbitmqadmin declare binding source=my-exchange1 destination=my-queue2 destination_type=queue routing_key=mykey2
    • ./rabbitmqadmin publish routing_key=mykey2 exchange=my-exchange1 payload="this is my testing"
    • ./rabbitmqadmin get queue=my-queue 

架構圖：引自 https://blog.csdn.net/zhengzizhi/article/details/77032148

 

rabbitmq的dashboard： http://localhost:15672/ 賬號密碼默認是guest

利用dashaboard，創建賬戶springcloud/123456，下面會用到。注意分配權限vhost '/'給新建的賬戶，否則下面的java程序會報錯：

2019-04-10 01:24:48.488 ERROR 73558 --- [tContainer#0-33] o.s.a.r.l.SimpleMessageListenerContainer : Failed to check/redeclare auto-delete queue(s).
Caused by: com.rabbitmq.client.ShutdownSignalException: connection error; protocol method: #method<connection.close>(reply-code=530, reply-text=NOT_ALLOWED - access to vhost '/' refused for user 'springcloud', class-id=10, method-id=40)
 

下面講解如何在springboot中引入rabbitmq，創建項目rabbitmq-hello ，引入依賴spring-boot-starter-amqp：

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
		</dependency>

application.properties:

spring.application.name=rabbitmq-hello
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=springcloud
spring.rabbitmq.password=123456
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/

定義exchange，queue，binding：

package com.sc.rabbitmqhello;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {

    @Bean(name = "myDirectExchange")
    public DirectExchange getDirectExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange("my-direct-exchange");
    }

    @Bean(name = "myFirstQueue")
    public Queue getMyFirstQueue() {
        return new Queue("my-first-queue");
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding bindingQueueOneToDirectExchange(
            @Qualifier("myFirstQueue") Queue myFirstQueue,
            @Qualifier("myDirectExchange") DirectExchange myDirectExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(myFirstQueue).to(myDirectExchange).with("routingKey.First");
    }
}

Receiver監聽隊列：

package com.sc.rabbitmqhello;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class Receiver {

    @RabbitListener(queues = "my-first-queue")
    public void firstConsumer(String payload) {
        System.out.println("I am my-first-queue: " + String.valueOf(payload));
    }
}

Sender使用routingKey發送消息到exchange：

package com.sc.rabbitmqhello;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;

@Component
public class Sender {

    @Autowired
    private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public void send(){
        String context = "hello " + new Date();
        System.out.println("Sender: " + context);
        this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("my-direct-exchange", "routingKey.First", context);
    }
}

測試例子：

package com.sc.rabbitmqhello;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RabbitmqHelloApplicationTests {

	@Autowired
	private Sender sender;

	@Test
	public void contextLoads() {
		this.sender.send();
	}

}

現運行主程序，再運行測試例子，可見收到消息：