300行代码手写Spring核心--Spring初探

300行代码手写Spring核心--Spring初探

目标:我们通过查看源码的方式一步步尝试完成springIOC容器的初始化 并完成dispatchServlet的功能

1.首先创建一个我们自己的Servlet并继承HttpServlet并重写init方法

public class EVServlet extends HttpServlet {

@Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        super.init();
    }
}

这一步和我们当初用servlet写web项目是一样的调用父类的init方法,我们这里显示地调用了父类的init无参方法,其实正常的servlet初始化是容器是调用含参init方法并在方法内部调用this.init(),并且this.config=config的,代码:

public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        this.config = config;
        this.init();
    }

    public void init() throws ServletException {
    }

所以我们正常在重写父类的init含参方法时需要在一开始显示地调用父类的有参init方法,这样给 成员变量config赋了初值,在doget方法等内部随后才会获取,但是在我们这里只需要加载一次配置文件的类路径,后续不再需要,就不再显示地调用了

想一想spring当初完成dispatchServlet都是通过注解完成的,那么我们就要自己完成当初spring配置好的注解,并在初始化的时候把加了注解的类读取到内存然后并解析

2.我们创建自己的注解

(1)EVController

import java.lang.annotation.*;

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented

public @interface EVController {
}

(2)EVRequestMapping

import java.lang.annotation.*;

@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface EVRequestMapping {
    String value() default "";
}

(3)EVAutowired

import java.lang.annotation.*;

@Target({ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface EVAutowired {
    String value() default "";
}

(4)EVRequestParam

import java.lang.annotation.*;

@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface EVRequestParam {
    String value() default "";
}

(5)EVService

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface EVService {
    String value() default "";
}

3.我们的容器初始化需要那几个步骤呢?

@Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        //1.加载配置文件
        doLoadConfig(config.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation"));

        //2.扫描相关的类
        doScanner(contextConfig.getProperty("scanPackage"));

        //3.始化扫描到的类,并且将它们放入到IOC容器之中
        doInstance();

        //4.完成依赖注入
        doAutowired();

        //5、初始化HandlerMapping
        initHandlerMapping();

        System.out.println("EV Spring framework is init.");

        super.init();
    }

分为五步,先根据我们配置文件定义的类扫描路径扫描包下带注解的类,放入IOC容器之中,然后完成依赖注入,并初始化HandlerMapping

4.配置文件

(1)web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:javaee="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
	version="2.4">
	<display-name>Evan Web Application</display-name>
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>evmvc</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>v2.servlet.EVServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>application.properties</param-value>
		</init-param>

		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>evmvc</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

(2)application.properties(就是初始化读取的那个配置文件)

因为只需要个类扫描路径,就是一句话

scanPackage=demo//我们一会儿在项目路径下创建个demo包,并把测试类写在下面

5.骨架搭建好开始填充内容

(0)先创建一些变量


    //保存application.properties配置文件中的内容
    private Properties contextConfig = new Properties();

    //保存扫描的所有的类名
    private List<String> classNames = new ArrayList<String>();

    //传说中的IOC容器,我们来揭开它的神秘面纱
    //为了简化程序,暂时不考虑ConcurrentHashMap
    // 主要还是关注设计思想和原理
    private Map<String,Object> ioc = new HashMap<String,Object>();

    //保存url和Method的对应关系
//    private Map<String,Method> handlerMapping = new HashMap<String,Method>();

    //思考:为什么不用Map
    //你用Map的话,key,只能是url
    //Handler 本身的功能就是把url和method对应关系,已经具备了Map的功能
    //根据设计原则:冗余的感觉了,单一职责,最少知道原则,帮助我们更好的理解
    private List<Handler> handlerMapping = new ArrayList<Handler>();

(1)填充doLoadConfig方法

private void doLoadConfig(String contextConfigLocation) {
        //直接从类路径下找到Spring主配置文件所在的路径
        //并且将其读取出来放到Properties对象中
        //相当于scanPackage=demo 从文件中保存到了内存中
        InputStream fis = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(contextConfigLocation);

        try {
            //存放到Properties变量中
            contextConfig.load(fis);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (null != fis) {
                try {
                    fis.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

ps:关于getResourceAsStream方法的作用请看我转载的另一篇文章:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38762479/article/details/89226107,总之是默认从ClassPath根下获取资源,path不能以’/'开头,最终是由ClassLoader获取资源。 

(2)填充doScanner方法

private void doScanner(String scanPackage) {
        //把从配置文件中读取到的值转换为文件路径,实际上就是把.替换为/就OK了。
         //我们这里路径只有一个demo没有.,但我们用的是properties文件如果路径再多一层是有点的
        //classpath
        URL url = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("/" + scanPackage.replaceAll("\\.", "/"));
        File classPath = new File(url.getFile());
        for (File file : classPath.listFiles()) {
            //如果是文件夹,递归
            if (file.isDirectory()) {
                doScanner(scanPackage + "." + file.getName());
            } else {
                  //因为是类路径所以都以.class结尾
                if (!file.getName().endsWith(".class")) {
                    continue;
                }
                String className = (scanPackage + "." + file.getName().replace(".class", ""));
                //存放扫描到的类名
                classNames.add(className);
            }
        }
    }

在url上打一个断点给大家看一下:

 大概就是这种效果了

(3)填充doInstance方法

private void doInstance() {
        if (classNames.isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }
        try {
            for (String className : classNames) {
                Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(className);

                //什么样的类才需要初始化呢?
                //加了注解的类,才初始化,怎么判断?
                //为了简化代码逻辑,主要体会设计思想,只举例 @Controller和@Service,
                // @Componment...就不一一举例了
                if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(EVController.class)) {
                    Object instance = clazz.newInstance();
                   
                    //Spring默认类名首字母小写,方法写在下面
                    String beanName = toLowerFirstCase(clazz.getSimpleName());
                    ioc.put(beanName, instance);
                } else if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(EVService.class)) {
                    //1、自定义的beanName
                    EVService service = clazz.getAnnotation(EVService.class);
                    String beanName = service.value();
                    //2、默认类名首字母小写
                    if ("".equals(beanName.trim())) {
                        beanName = toLowerFirstCase(clazz.getSimpleName());
                    }

                    Object instance = clazz.newInstance();
                    ioc.put(beanName, instance);
                    //3、根据类型自动赋值,投机取巧的方式
                    for (Class<?> i : clazz.getInterfaces()) {
                        if (ioc.containsKey(i.getName())) {
                            throw new Exception("The “" + i.getName() + "” is exists!!");
                        }
                        //把接口的类型直接当成key了
                        ioc.put(i.getName(), instance);
                    }
                } else {
                    continue;
                }

            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


    }
 //如果类名本身是小写字母,确实会出问题
    //但是我要说明的是:这个方法是我自己用,private的
    //传值也是自己传,类也都遵循了驼峰命名法
    //默认传入的值,存在首字母小写的情况,也不可能出现非字母的情况

    //为了简化程序逻辑,就不做其他判断了,大家了解就OK
    //其实用写注释的时间都能够把逻辑写完了
    private String toLowerFirstCase(String simpleName) {
        char[] chars = simpleName.toCharArray();
        //之所以加,是因为大小写字母的ASCII码相差32,
        // 而且大写字母的ASCII码要小于小写字母的ASCII码
        //在Java中,对char做算学运算,实际上就是对ASCII码做算学运算
        chars[0] += 32;
        return String.valueOf(chars);
    }

(4)填充Autowired

private void doAutowired() {
        if (ioc.isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }

        for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : ioc.entrySet()) {
            //Declared 所有的,特定的 字段,包括private/protected/default
            //正常来说,普通的OOP编程只能拿到public的属性
            Field[] fields = entry.getValue().getClass().getDeclaredFields();
            for (Field field : fields) {
                if (!field.isAnnotationPresent(EVAutowired.class)) {
                    continue;
                }
                EVAutowired autowired = field.getAnnotation(EVAutowired.class);

                //如果用户没有自定义beanName,默认就根据类型注入
                //这个地方省去了对类名首字母小写的情况的判断
                //小伙伴们自己去完善
                String beanName = autowired.value().trim();
                if ("".equals(beanName)) {
                    //获得接口的类型,作为key待会拿这个key到ioc容器中去取值
                    beanName = field.getType().getName();
                }

                //如果是public以外的修饰符,只要加了@Autowired注解,都要强制赋值
                //反射中叫做暴力访问, 强吻
                field.setAccessible(true);

                try {
                    //用反射机制,动态给字段赋值
                    field.set(entry.getValue(), ioc.get(beanName));
                } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }


            }

        }
    }

(5)填充initHandlerMapping

private void initHandlerMapping() {
        if (ioc.isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }

        for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : ioc.entrySet()) {
            Class<?> clazz = entry.getValue().getClass();

            if (!clazz.isAnnotationPresent(EVController.class)) {
                continue;
            }


            //保存写在类上面的@EVRequestMapping("/demo")
            String baseUrl = "";
            if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(EVRequestMapping.class)) {
                EVRequestMapping requestMapping = clazz.getAnnotation(EVRequestMapping.class);
                baseUrl = requestMapping.value();
            }

            //默认获取所有的public方法
            for (Method method : clazz.getMethods()) {
                if (!method.isAnnotationPresent(EVRequestMapping.class)) {
                    continue;
                }

                //方法上也可能有请求路径
                EVRequestMapping requestMapping = method.getAnnotation(EVRequestMapping.class);
                //优化
                // //demo///query
                String regex = ("/" + baseUrl + "/" + requestMapping.value())
                        .replaceAll("/+", "/");
                Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(regex);
                this.handlerMapping.add(new Handler(pattern, entry.getValue(), method));
//                handlerMapping.put(url,method);
                System.out.println("Mapped :" + pattern + "," + method);

            }


        }

    }

 //保存一个url和一个Method的关系
    public class Handler {
        //必须把url放到HandlerMapping才好理解吧
        private Pattern pattern;  //正则
        private Method method;
        private Object controller;
        private Class<?>[] paramTypes;

        public Pattern getPattern() {
            return pattern;
        }

        public Method getMethod() {
            return method;
        }

        public Object getController() {
            return controller;
        }

        public Class<?>[] getParamTypes() {
            return paramTypes;
        }

        //形参列表
        //参数的名字作为key,参数的顺序,位置作为值
        private Map<String, Integer> paramIndexMapping;

        public Handler(Pattern pattern, Object controller, Method method) {
            this.pattern = pattern;
            this.method = method;
            this.controller = controller;

            paramTypes = method.getParameterTypes();

            paramIndexMapping = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
            putParamIndexMapping(method);
        }

        private void putParamIndexMapping(Method method) {

            //提取方法中加了注解的参数
            //把方法上的注解拿到,得到的是一个二维数组
            //因为一个参数可以有多个注解,而一个方法又有多个参数
            Annotation[][] pa = method.getParameterAnnotations();
            for (int i = 0; i < pa.length; i++) {
                for (Annotation a : pa[i]) {
                    if (a instanceof EVRequestParam) {
                        String paramName = ((EVRequestParam) a).value();
                        if (!"".equals(paramName.trim())) {
                            paramIndexMapping.put(paramName, i);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            //提取方法中的request和response参数
            Class<?>[] paramsTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
            for (int i = 0; i < paramsTypes.length; i++) {
                Class<?> type = paramsTypes[i];
                if (type == HttpServletRequest.class ||
                        type == HttpServletResponse.class) {
                    paramIndexMapping.put(type.getName(), i);
                }
            }

        }


//        private
    }

这就完成容器的初始化

(6)dispatchServlet

然后要考虑如何把请求分发到我们已经储存的HanderlerMapping

 private void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception {

        Handler handler = getHandler(req);
        if (handler == null) {
//        if(!this.handlerMapping.containsKey(url)){
            resp.getWriter().write("404 Not Found!!!");
            return;
        }

        //获得方法的形参列表
        Class<?>[] paramTypes = handler.getParamTypes();

        Object[] paramValues = new Object[paramTypes.length];

        Map<String, String[]> params = req.getParameterMap();
        for (Map.Entry<String, String[]> parm : params.entrySet()) {
            String value = Arrays.toString(parm.getValue()).replaceAll("\\[|\\]", "")
                    .replaceAll("\\s", ",");

            if (!handler.paramIndexMapping.containsKey(parm.getKey())) {
                continue;
            }

            int index = handler.paramIndexMapping.get(parm.getKey());
            paramValues[index] = convert(paramTypes[index], value);
        }

        if (handler.paramIndexMapping.containsKey(HttpServletRequest.class.getName())) {
            int reqIndex = handler.paramIndexMapping.get(HttpServletRequest.class.getName());
            paramValues[reqIndex] = req;
        }

        if (handler.paramIndexMapping.containsKey(HttpServletResponse.class.getName())) {
            int respIndex = handler.paramIndexMapping.get(HttpServletResponse.class.getName());
            paramValues[respIndex] = resp;
        }

        Object returnValue = handler.method.invoke(handler.controller, paramValues);
        if (returnValue == null || returnValue instanceof Void) {
            return;
        }
        resp.getWriter().write(returnValue.toString());
    }

private Handler getHandler(HttpServletRequest req) {
        if (handlerMapping.isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        }
        //绝对路径
        String url = req.getRequestURI();
        //处理成相对路径
        String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
        url = url.replaceAll(contextPath, "").replaceAll("/+", "/");


        for (Handler handler : this.handlerMapping) {
            Matcher matcher = handler.getPattern().matcher(url);
            if (!matcher.matches()) {
                continue;
            }
            return handler;
        }
        return null;
    }

(7)重写doGet和doPost方法

@Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //6、调用,运行阶段
        try {
            doDispatch(req, resp);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            resp.getWriter().write("500 Exection,Detail : " + Arrays.toString(e.getStackTrace()));
        }


    }

(8)写测试用例

1)接口

public interface IDemoService {
	
	String get(String name);
	
}

 

2)实现Service


/**
 * 核心业务逻辑
 */
@EVService
public class DemoService implements IDemoService {

	public String get(String name) {
		return "My name is " + name;
	}

 

3)Controller

@EVController
@EVRequestMapping("/demo")
public class DemoAction {

  	@EVAutowired
	private IDemoService demoService;

	@EVRequestMapping("/query.*")
	public void query(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp,
					  @EVRequestParam("name") String name){
//		String result = demoService.get(name);
		String result = "My name is " + name;
		try {
			resp.getWriter().write(result);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	@EVRequestMapping("/add")
	public void add(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp,
					@EVRequestParam("a") Integer a, @EVRequestParam("b") Integer b){
		try {
			resp.getWriter().write(a + "+" + b + "=" + (a + b));
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	@EVRequestMapping("/sub")
	public void add(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp,
					@EVRequestParam("a") Double a, @EVRequestParam("b") Double b){
		try {
			resp.getWriter().write(a + "-" + b + "=" + (a - b));
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	@EVRequestMapping("/remove")
	public String  remove(@EVRequestParam("id") Integer id){
		return "" + id;
	}

}

(9)运行结果截图

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