做一個Django項目（2.3、視圖集實現個人地址的增刪改查）

1. 創建個人收貨地址模型類以及用戶模型添加默認地址

   class User(AbstractUser):
       """用戶模型類"""
       default_address = models.ForeignKey('Address', related_name='users', null=True, blank=True,on_delete=models.SET_NULL, verbose_name='默認地址')
   
   
   class Address(BaseModel):
       """
       用戶地址
       """
       user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='addresses', verbose_name='用戶')
       title = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='地址名稱')
       receiver = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='收貨人')
       province = models.ForeignKey('areas.Area', on_delete=models.PROTECT, related_name='province_addresses', verbose_name='省')
       city = models.ForeignKey('areas.Area', on_delete=models.PROTECT, related_name='city_addresses', verbose_name='市')
       district = models.ForeignKey('areas.Area', on_delete=models.PROTECT, related_name='district_addresses', verbose_name='區')
       place = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name='地址')
       mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name='手機')
       tel = models.CharField(max_length=20, null=True, blank=True, default='', verbose_name='固定電話')
       email = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, default='', verbose_name='電子郵箱')
       is_deleted = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name='邏輯刪除')
   
       class Meta:
           db_table = 'tb_address'
           verbose_name = '用戶地址'
           verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
           ordering = ['-update_time']

    

2. 創建視圖重寫視圖函數邏輯實現額外功能並添加額外視圖函數

   from rest_framework.decorators import action
   from rest_framework import mixins
   from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
   
   from . models import User, Address
   from .serializers import CreateUserSerializer
   from .serializers import UserDetailSerializer, UserAddressSerialize, AddressTitleSerializer
   from . import constants
   
   
   class AddressViewSet(mixins.CreateModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
   
       serializer_class = UserAddressSerialize
       # permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
   
       def get_object(self):
           # return User.objects.get(id=4)
           return self.request.user
   
       def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
           count = request.user.addresses.count()
   
           “”“
           在count.py中添加
   
           設置用戶收貨地址上線
           USER_ADDRESS_COUNTS_LIMIT = 20     
           ”“”
           if count > constants.USER_ADDRESS_COUNTS_LIMIT:
               return Response({'message': '超出上線'})
           # super.create()
           return super().create(request, *args, **kwargs)
   
       def get_queryset(self):
           # return User.objects.get(id=4).addresses.filter(is_deleted=False)
           return self.request.user.addresses.filter(is_deleted=False)
   
       def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
           queryset = self.get_queryset()
           serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True)
           user = self.request.user
           # user = User.objects.get(id=4)
           return Response({
               'user_id': user.id,
               'default_address_id': user.default_address_id,
               'limit': constants.USER_ADDRESS_COUNTS_LIMIT,
               'addresses': serializer.data,
           })
   
           # delete /addresses/<pk>/
       def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
           """
           處理刪除
           """
           address = self.get_object()
   
           # 進行邏輯刪除
           address.is_deleted = True
           address.save()
   
           return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
   
       # put /addresses/pk/status/
       @action(methods=['put'], detail=True)
       def status(self, request, pk=None):
           """
           設置默認地址
           """
           address = self.get_object()
           request.user.default_address = address
           request.user.save()
           return Response({'message': 'OK'}, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
   
       # put /addresses/pk/title/
       # 需要請求體參數 title
       @action(methods=['put'], detail=True)
       def title(self, request, pk=None):
           """
           修改標題
           """
           address = self.get_object()
           serializer = AddressTitleSerializer(instance=address, data=request.data)
           serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
           serializer.save()
           return Response(serializer.data)

    

3. 實現序列化器

   from .models import User, Address
   
   
   class UserAddressSerialize(serializers.ModelSerializer):
   
       province = serializers.StringRelatedField(read_only=True)
       city = serializers.StringRelatedField(read_only=True)
       district = serializers.StringRelatedField(read_only=True)
       province_id = serializers.IntegerField(label='省ID', required=True)
       city_id = serializers.IntegerField(label='市ID', required=True)
       district_id = serializers.IntegerField(label='區ID', required=True)
   
       class Meta:
           model = Address
           exclude = ('user', 'is_deleted', 'create_time', 'update_time')
   
       def validate_mobile(self, value):
           if not re.match(r'^1[3-9]\d{9}$', value):
               raise serializers.ValidationError('格式錯誤')
           return value
   
       def create(self, validated_data):
           user = self.context['request'].user
           validated_data['user'] = user
           address = Address.objects.create(**validated_data)
           return address
   
   class AddressTitleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
       class Meta:
           model = Address
           fields = ['title']
   

    

4. 添加路由

   from rest_framework import routers
   
   
   
   # 添加路由使用視圖內部方法之間向路由urlpatterns中自動添加路由
   router = routers.DefaultRouter()
   router.register(r'addresses', views.AddressViewSet, base_name='addresses')
   
   urlpatterns += router.urls
   
   
   # POST /addresses/ 新建  -> create
   # PUT /addresses/<pk>/ 修改  -> update
   # GET /addresses/  查詢  -> list
   # DELETE /addresses/<pk>/  刪除 -> destroy
   # PUT /addresses/<pk>/status/ 設置默認 -> status
   # PUT /addresses/<pk>/title/  設置標題 -> title