處理前-庫的選擇
實際工作場景中，經常需要將系統中數據導出爲Excel，便於產品和運營查閱和二次處理。本文詳細介紹了使用PHP導出數據的方法。
PHP操作Excel主要有兩個第三方庫，一個是PHPExcel，另外一個是PhpSpreadsheet。其中PhpSpreadsheet是PHPExcel的升級版本。
PHPExcel本身支持超鏈接、樣式設置（字體、顏色、邊框線、對齊等）、行高列寬設置、表格凍結、公式、合併單元格、多表格等特性。從官方文檔得知，PHPExcel支持PHP5.2版本，代碼質量和性能會低於PhpSpreadsheet。另外PHPExcel從2015年便不再維護，因此很難從社區增加新特性和處理歷史缺陷。PHPExcel支持xls和xlsx兩種格式，xls是Microsoft Excel 2003以下版本支持的文件，xlsx是Microsoft Excel 2007以後開始的。
PhpSpreadsheet是下一代的PHPExcel，支持PHP5.6及以上，可以處理Microsoft Excel和LibreOffice Calc。PhpSpreadsheet作爲下一代的PHPExcel，目前得到社區持續維護。
基於本身業務特點，以及疑難問題的快速處理，最終選擇了PHPExcel作爲導出的基礎庫，並且採用xls文件格式。PHPExcel庫因爲歷史久遠，積累了很多其他用戶踩過的坑，也便於我們處理類似疑難問題。
下文所述的方法是將內容導出爲xls文件格式。
處理中-內容的處理
處理多sheet
- 核心方法：i);
$obj_phpexcel = new PHPExcel();
$sheet_datas;//實際數據
$sheet_name = 'test';
foreach($sheet_datas as $i => $sheet_data) {
$obj_phpexcel->createSheet($i);
$obj_phpexcel->setActiveSheetIndex($sheet_index);
$obj_phpexcel->getActiveSheet()->setTitle($sheet_name);
}
處理樣式
- 核心方法： style_array);
getStyle的參數爲實際座標，比如A1，代表A列的第1行的單元格。applyFromArray的參數爲樣式配置。
//樣式配置
$style_array = array(
'alignment' => array(
'horizontal' =>
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_GENERAL = 'general'
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_LEFT = 'left'
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_RIGHT = 'right'
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_CENTER = 'center'
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_CENTER_CONTINUOUS = 'centerContinuous'
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_JUSTIFY = 'justify'
'vertical' =>
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_BOTTOM = 'bottom'
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_TOP = 'top'
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_CENTER = 'center'
PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_JUSTIFY = 'justify'
'rotation' => (int)
'wrap' => (boolean)
'shrinkToFit' => (boolean)
'indent' => (int)
)
'borders' => array(
'allborders' => array(
'style' =>
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_NONE = 'none';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHDOT = 'dashDot';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHDOTDOT = 'dashDotDot';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DASHED = 'dashed';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DOTTED = 'dotted';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_DOUBLE = 'double';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_HAIR = 'hair';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUM = 'medium';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOT = 'mediumDashDot';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHDOTDOT = 'mediumDashDotDot';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_MEDIUMDASHED = 'mediumDashed';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_SLANTDASHDOT = 'slantDashDot';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THICK = 'thick';
PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN = 'thin';
'color' => array(
'rgb' =>
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_BLACK = 'FF000000';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_WHITE = 'FFFFFFFF';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_RED = 'FFFF0000';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_DARKRED = 'FF800000';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_BLUE = 'FF0000FF';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_DARKBLUE = 'FF000080';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_GREEN = 'FF00FF00';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_DARKGREEN = 'FF008000';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_YELLOW = 'FFFFFF00';
PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_DARKYELLOW = 'FF808000';
)
)
'left' => // See 'allborders'
'top' => // See 'allborders'
'right' => // See 'allborders'
'bottom' => // See 'allborders'
'diagonal' =>
'diagonaldirection' =>
)
'fill' => array(
'type' =>
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_NONE = 'none';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_SOLID = 'solid';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_GRADIENT_LINEAR = 'linear';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_GRADIENT_PATH = 'path';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_DARKDOWN = 'darkDown';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_DARKGRAY = 'darkGray';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_DARKGRID = 'darkGrid';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_DARKHORIZONTAL = 'darkHorizontal';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_DARKTRELLIS = 'darkTrellis';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_DARKUP = 'darkUp';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_DARKVERTICAL = 'darkVertical';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_GRAY0625 = 'gray0625';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_GRAY125 = 'gray125';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_LIGHTDOWN = 'lightDown';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_LIGHTGRAY = 'lightGray';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_LIGHTGRID = 'lightGrid';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_LIGHTHORIZONTAL = 'lightHorizontal';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_LIGHTTRELLIS = 'lightTrellis';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_LIGHTUP = 'lightUp';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_LIGHTVERTICAL = 'lightVertical';
PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_PATTERN_MEDIUMGRAY = 'mediumGray';
'rotation' => (double)
'startcolor' => // See 'borders' => 'allborders' => 'color'
'endcolor' => // See 'borders' => 'allborders' => 'color'
'color' => // See 'borders' => 'allborders' => 'color'
)
'font' => array(
'name' =>
'Arial'
'Calibri'
// etc.
'bold' => (boolean)
'italic' => (boolean)
'superScript' => (boolean)
'subScript' => (boolean)
'underline' => (boolean)
'strike' => (boolean)
'size' => (float)
'color' => // See 'borders' => 'allborders' => 'color'
)
'numberformat' =>
'protection' =>
)
寫入數據
- 核心方法：$obj_phpexcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValueExplicit(‘A1’, $value, $dtype);
dtype區分不同的數據類型，定義見PHPExcel\Cell\DataType.php
/* Data types */
const TYPE_STRING2 = 'str';
const TYPE_STRING = 's';
const TYPE_FORMULA = 'f';
const TYPE_NUMERIC = 'n';
const TYPE_BOOL = 'b';
const TYPE_NULL = 'null';
const TYPE_INLINE = 'inlineStr';
const TYPE_ERROR = 'e';
處理超鏈接
核心方法：URL);
處理公式
核心方法：$obj_phpexcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue(‘A1’, ‘=SUM(A10:E9)’);
合併單元格
核心方法：$obj_phpexcel->getActiveSheet()->mergeCells(‘A1:C1’);
列寬和行高
//列寬
$obj_phpexcel->getActiveSheet()->getColumnDimension($column_label)->setWidth($value);
//行高
$obj_phpexcel->getActiveSheet()->getRowDimension($key)->setRowHeight($value);
表格凍結
核心方法：$obj_phpexcel->getActiveSheet()->freezePane(‘D2’);
其他問題
實際值、像素值隱射
PHPExcel沒辦法將像素值，轉化爲Microsoft Excel實際的寬度和高度值。如果直接將像素值設置爲Excel的實際值，會導致內容存在差異。經過測試得知，Excel實際值和像素值之間滿足線性關係。知道問題原因，處理起來便很簡單。
private function _get_excel_real_width($value) {
return $value/7;
}
橫座標處理
Excel的橫座標爲A、B…、AA、AB類型，需要將PHP數組下標轉化爲Excel的橫座標。
private function _get_sheet_col_label($index) {
if (isset($this->_col_label_map[$index])) {
return $this->_col_label_map[$index];
}
$abc = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
for ($i=0; $i < 600; $i++) { //最高支持600列
$a = (int)($i / 26);
$b = $i % 26;
$column_label = '';
if ($a == 0) {
$column_label = $column_label . substr($abc, $b, 1);
} else {
$a = $a -1;
$column_label = substr($abc, $a, 1) . substr($abc, $b, 1);
}
$this->_col_label_map[($i)] = $column_label;
}
return $this->_col_label_map[$index];
}
默認的樣式處理
Excel本身的表格框線無法通過PHPExcel設置，需要trick處理。另外Excel的樣式屬性與css樣式屬性也會有差異，需要注意下。
//設置Excel默認框線
$style_array = array(
'borders' => array(
'allborders' => array(
'style' => PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN,
'color' => array('rgb' => 'DDDDDD')
)
)
);