基于YUM安装与源码编译或二进制多实例安装Mariadb，mysql

基于YUM

• 1 安装

  yum install mariadb

• 2 创建多实例对应的目录结构

  mkdir /mysql/{3306,3307,3308}/{data,etc,socket,log,bin,pid} -pv
  chown -R mysql.mysql /mysql 

• 3 创建多实例的数据库文件

  mysql_install_db --datadir=/mysql/3306/data/ --user=mysql
  mysql_install_db --datadir=/mysql/3307/data/ --user=mysql
  mysql_install_db --datadir=/mysql/3308/data/ --user=mysql

• 4 创建对应配置文件

  cp /etc/my.cnf /mysql/3306/etc 
  vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf
  [mysqld]
  port=3306 加一行                                                                                        
  datadir=/mysql/3306/data
  socket=/mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock
  [mysqld_safe]
  log-error=/mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log
  pid-file=/mysql/3306/pid/mariadb.pid

  cp /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf  /mysql/3307/etc/my.cnf   
  /mysql/3307/etc/my.cnf 修改
  cp /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf  /mysql/3308/etc/my.cnf   
  /mysql/3308/etc/my.cnf 修改

• 5 准备各实例的启动脚本

vi /mysql/{3306,3307,3308}/bin/mysqld 
cat /mysq/3306/bin/mysqld 
#!/bin/bash
port=3306
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="centos"
cmd_path="/usr/bin"
mysql_basedir="/mysql"
mysql_sock="${mysql_basedir}/${port}/socket/mysql.sock"

function_start_mysql()
{
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
      printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
      ${cmd_path}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=${mysql_basedir}/${port}/etc/my.cnf  &> /dev/null  &
    else
      printf "MySQL is running...\n"
      exit
    fi
}

function_stop_mysql()
{
    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
       printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
       exit
    else
       printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
       ${cmd_path}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S ${mysql_sock} shutdown
   fi
}

function_restart_mysql()
{
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 2
    function_start_mysql
}

case $1 in
start)
    function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
    function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
    function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
    printf "Usage: ${mysql_basedir}/${port}/bin/mysqld {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac

• 改权限

  chmod +x /mysql/{3306,3307,3308}/bin/mysqld 

• 6 启动和关闭实例

  /mysql/{3306,3307,3308}/bin/mysqld start 
  /mysql/{3306,3307,3308}/bin/mysqld stop  

• 7 测试连接

  mysql -S /mysql/{3306,3307,3308}/socket/mysql.sock

• 8 安全加固

  mysqladmin  -S /mysql/{3306,3307,3308}/socket/mysql.sock   password 'centos'
  vi /mysql/{3306,3307,3308}/bin/mysqld  加上对应centos口令

二进制的安装

• 1 准备用户和组

groupadd -r -g 336 mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -u 336 -s /sbin/nologin -d /data/mysql mysql

• 2 准备二进制程序文件和相关文件属性

  tar xvf mariadb-10.2.23-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
  cd  /usr/local/
  ln -s mariadb-10.2.23-linux-x86_64/ mysql
  chown -R root.root /usr/local/mysql/

• 3 PATH变量

cat /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 
PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

• 4 准备数据库数据目录和数据--改成逻辑卷

mkdir /data/mysql -pv
chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql/
cd /usr/local/mysql
./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql

• 5 准备Mysql的服务器端的配置文件

mkdir /etc/mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf

vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql 加一行

• 6 准备服务启动脚本

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
service mysqld start

• 7 安全加固

mysql_secure_installation

• 8 测试连接

mysql -uroot -ppassword 

源码编译安装MySQL

• 准备编译环境

×××：
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

• 创建mysql组与用户

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 366 -r mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -c "MySQL" -u 366 -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -r -d /data/mysql mysql

• 准备数据库目录

mkdir /data/mysql -pv
 chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql

• 准备源码文件

tar xf mariadb-10.2.23.tar.gz
cd mariadb-10.2.23

• 预编译

cmake . \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/app/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/ \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc/mysql \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_MROONGA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_ZLIB=system \
-DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci

• 编译安装

make -j 8
make install

• 导出环境变量

echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

• 初始化数据库

cd /usr/local/mysql
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

• 准备配置文件

cp support-files/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf /etc/my.cnf.d/my.cnf
vim /etc/my.cnf.d/my.cnf   #[mysqld] 配置段中中加入如下内容
datadir = /data/mysql
innodb_file_per_table = on
skip_name_resolve = on

• 准备服务脚本

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld

• 启动服务

systemctl start mysqld

• 安全初始化

mysql_secure_installation