採集日誌實踐-ELK以及filebeat配置解析

上一篇完整介紹elk等的安裝步驟，下面介紹下它們的配置

我們做日誌採集的時候一般步驟如：

日誌龐大時,filebeat和logstash或者logstash和es之間可以增加kafka或redis

首先來看下它們各自的日誌中文解析：
我的版本5.6.16

filebeat.yml

###################### Filebeat Configuration Example #########################

# This file is an example configuration file highlighting only the most common
# options. The filebeat.full.yml file from the same directory contains all the
# supported options with more comments. You can use it as a reference.
#
# You can find the full configuration reference here:
# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/index.html

#=========================== Filebeat prospectors =============================

filebeat.prospectors:

# Each - is a prospector. Most options can be set at the prospector level, so
# you can use different prospectors for various configurations.
# Below are the prospector specific configurations.
# 指定要監控的日誌，可以指定具體得文件或者目錄
- input_type: log  #輸入filebeat的類型，包括log(具體路徑的日誌)和stdin(鍵盤輸入)兩種。

  # Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths.
  paths:
    - /var/log/nginx/*  #（這是默認的）（自行可以修改）
    #- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\*
  type: "nginx"
  fields:
    logtype: nginx
  # Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are
  # matching any regular expression from the list.
  #exclude_lines: ["^DBG"]  #排除正則匹配的日誌

  # Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are
  # matching any regular expression from the list.
  #include_lines: ["^ERR", "^WARN"]  #收集正則匹配的日誌

  # Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that
  # are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped.
  #exclude_files: [".gz$"] #排除正則匹配的文件

  # Optional additional fields. These field can be freely picked
  # to add additional information to the crawled log files for filtering
  # 向輸出的每一條日誌添加額外的信息，比如“level:debug”，方便後續對日誌進行分組統計。
  # 默認情況下，會在輸出信息的fields子目錄下以指定的新增fields建立子目錄，例如fields.level
  # 這個得意思就是會在es中多添加一個字段，格式爲 "filelds":{"level":"debug"}
  fields:
    level: debug
    review: 1

  ### Multiline options

  # Mutiline can be used for log messages spanning multiple lines. This is common
  # for Java Stack Traces or C-Line Continuation

  # The regexp Pattern that has to be matched. The example pattern matches all lines starting with [
  # 適用於日誌中每一條日誌佔據多行的情況，比如各種語言的報錯信息調用棧
  # 多行日誌開始的那一行匹配的pattern
  multiline.pattern: ^\[

  # Defines if the pattern set under pattern should be negated or not. Default is false.
  # 是否需要對pattern條件轉置使用，不翻轉設爲true，反轉設置爲false。  【建議設置爲true】
  multiline.negate: true

  # Match can be set to "after" or "before". It is used to define if lines should be append to a pattern
  # that was (not) matched before or after or as long as a pattern is not matched based on negate.
  # Note: After is the equivalent to previous and before is the equivalent to to next in Logstash
  # 匹配pattern後，與前面（before）還是後面（after）的內容合併爲一條日誌
  multiline.match: after


#================================ General =====================================

# The name of the shipper that publishes the network data. It can be used to group
# all the transactions sent by a single shipper in the web interface.
name: first

# The tags of the shipper are included in their own field with each
# transaction published.
tags: ["service-X", "web-tier"]

# Optional fields that you can specify to add additional information to the
# output.
fields:
  env: staging

#================================ Outputs =====================================

# Configure what outputs to use when sending the data collected by the beat.
# Multiple outputs may be used.
#默認的輸出到es，配置es的地址端口和ssl信息
#-------------------------- Elasticsearch output ------------------------------
#output.elasticsearch:
  # Array of hosts to connect to.
  #hosts: ["localhost:9200"]

  # Optional protocol and basic auth credentials.
  #protocol: "https"
  #username: "elastic"
  #password: "changeme"
#默認的輸出到logstash，配置logstash的地址端口和ssl信息
#----------------------------- Logstash output --------------------------------
output.logstash:
  # The Logstash hosts
  hosts: ["localhost:5044"]

  # Optional SSL. By default is off.
  # List of root certificates for HTTPS server verifications
  #ssl.certificate_authorities: ["/etc/pki/root/ca.pem"]

  # Certificate for SSL client authentication
  #ssl.certificate: "/etc/pki/client/cert.pem"

  # Client Certificate Key
  #ssl.key: "/etc/pki/client/cert.key"

#================================ Logging =====================================

# Sets log level. The default log level is info.
# Available log levels are: critical, error, warning, info, debug
logging.level: debug

# At debug level, you can selectively enable logging only for some components.
# To enable all selectors use ["*"]. Examples of other selectors are "beat",
# "publish", "service".
#logging.selectors: ["*"]

logstash 要自己編寫配置文件可以覆蓋yml
logstash-sample.conf

#    stdin{
#        add_field => {"key" => "value"} #向事件添加一個字段
#        codec => "plain" #默認是line, 可通過這個參數設置編碼方式
#        tags => ["std"] #添加標記
#        type => "std" #添加類型
#        id => 1 #添加一個唯一的ID, 如果沒有指定ID, 那麼將生成一個ID
#        enable_metric => true #是否開啓記錄日誌, 默認true
#    }
#    file{
#        path => ["/var/log/nginx/access.log", "/var/log/nginx/error.log"] #處理的文件的路徑, 可以定義多個路徑
#        exclude => "*.zip" #匹配排除
#        sincedb_path => "/data/" #sincedb數據文件的路徑, 默認<path.data>/plugins/inputs/file
#        codec => "plain" #默認是plain,可通過這個參數設置編碼方式
#        tags => ["nginx"] #添加標記
#        type => "nginx" #添加類型
#        discover_interval => 2 #每隔多久去查一次文件, 默認15s
#        stat_interval => 1 #每隔多久去查一次文件是否被修改過, 默認1s
#        start_position => "beginning" #從什麼位置開始讀取文件數據, beginning和end,
#默認是結束位置end
#    }
#    tcp{
#       port => 8888 #端口
#       mode => "server" #操作模式, server:監聽客戶端連接, client:連接到服務器
#       host => "0.0.0.0" #當mode爲server, 指定監聽地址, 當mode爲client, 指定連接地址,
# 默認0.0.0.0
#       ssl_enable => false #是否啓用SSL, 默認false
#       ssl_cert => "" #SSL證書路徑
#       ssl_extra_chain_certs => [] #將額外的X509證書添加到證書鏈中
#       ssl_key => "" #SSL密鑰路徑
#       ssl_key_passphrase => "nil" #SSL密鑰密碼, 默認nil
#       ssl_verify => true #覈實與CA的SSL連接的另一端的身份
#       tcp_keep_alive => false #TCP是否保持alives
#    }
#    udp{
#       buffer_size => 65536 #從網絡讀取的最大數據包大小, 默認65536
#       host => 0.0.0.0 #監聽地址
#       port => 8888 #端口
#       queue_size => 2000 #在內存中保存未處理的UDP數據包的數量, 默認2000
#       workers => 2 #處理信息包的數量, 默認2
#}

input{

  stdin { }
  beats {
    port => "5044"
    codec => plain
    {
      charset => "GBK"   #處理亂碼
    }
  }
tcp{
        host => "localhost"
        mode => "server"
        port => 1337
 }
http{
        host => "0.0.0.0"
        port => 80
        additional_codecs => {"application/json" => "json"}
        codec => "plain"
        threads => 4
        ssl => false
        type => "info"
        }
}
filter {

        if ([message]== "")

        {

            drop {}

        }

}
output{
        if [type] == "error" {
                 elasticsearch {
                        hosts => [ "127.0.0.1:9200"]
                        index => "logstash-error"
}}
if [type] == "info" {
                elasticsearch {
                        hosts => [ "127.0.0.1:9200"]
                        index => "logstash-info"
}}
if [fields][logtype] == "nginx" {
                ##按照type類型創建多個索引
                elasticsearch {
                   hosts => ["127.0.0.1:9200"]
                   index => "nginx_%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
                             }
      }
 stdout{
        codec => rubydebug
}
}

elasticsearch.yml

# ======================== Elasticsearch Configuration =========================
#
# NOTE: Elasticsearch comes with reasonable defaults for most settings.
#       Before you set out to tweak and tune the configuration, make sure you
#       understand what are you trying to accomplish and the consequences.
#
# The primary way of configuring a node is via this file. This template lists
# the most important settings you may want to configure for a production cluster.
#
# Please consult the documentation for further information on configuration options:
# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/index.html
#
# ---------------------------------- Cluster -----------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for your cluster:
#
cluster.name: my-application
#
# ------------------------------------ Node ------------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for the node:
#
node.name: node-1
#
# Add custom attributes to the node:
#
#node.attr.rack: r1
#
# ----------------------------------- Paths ------------------------------------
#
# Path to directory where to store the data (separate multiple locations by comma):
#
#path.data: /path/to/data
#
# Path to log files:
#
#path.logs: /path/to/logs
#
# ----------------------------------- Memory -----------------------------------
#
# Lock the memory on startup:
#
#bootstrap.memory_lock: true
#
# Make sure that the heap size is set to about half the memory available
# on the system and that the owner of the process is allowed to use this
# limit.
#
# Elasticsearch performs poorly when the system is swapping the memory.
#
# ---------------------------------- Network -----------------------------------
#
# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
#
network.host: 0.0.0.0
#
# Set a custom port for HTTP:
#
http.port: 9200
#
# For more information, consult the network module documentation.
#
# --------------------------------- Discovery ----------------------------------
#
# Pass an initial list of hosts to perform discovery when new node is started:
# The default list of hosts is ["127.0.0.1", "[::1]"]
#
#discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["127.0.0.1"]
#
# Prevent the "split brain" by configuring the majority of nodes (total number of master-eligible nodes / 2 + 1):
#
#discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 3
#
# For more information, consult the zen discovery module documentation.
#
# ---------------------------------- Gateway -----------------------------------
#
# Block initial recovery after a full cluster restart until N nodes are started:
#
#gateway.recover_after_nodes: 3
#
# For more information, consult the gateway module documentation.
#
# ---------------------------------- Various -----------------------------------
#
# Require explicit names when deleting indices:
#
#action.destructive_requires_name: true

kibana.yml

# Kibana is served by a back end server. This setting specifies the port to use.
server.port: 5600

# Specifies the address to which the Kibana server will bind. IP addresses and host names are both valid values.
# The default is 'localhost', which usually means remote machines will not be able to connect.
# To allow connections from remote users, set this parameter to a non-loopback address.
server.host: "127.0.0.1"

# Enables you to specify a path to mount Kibana at if you are running behind a proxy. This only affects
# the URLs generated by Kibana, your proxy is expected to remove the basePath value before forwarding requests
# to Kibana. This setting cannot end in a slash.
#server.basePath: ""

# The maximum payload size in bytes for incoming server requests.
#server.maxPayloadBytes: 1048576

# The Kibana server's name.  This is used for display purposes.
#server.name: "your-hostname"

# The URL of the Elasticsearch instance to use for all your queries.
elasticsearch.url: "http://127.0.0.1:9200"

# When this setting's value is true Kibana uses the hostname specified in the server.host
# setting. When the value of this setting is false, Kibana uses the hostname of the host
# that connects to this Kibana instance.
#elasticsearch.preserveHost: true

# Kibana uses an index in Elasticsearch to store saved searches, visualizations and
# dashboards. Kibana creates a new index if the index doesn't already exist.
#kibana.index: ".kibana"

# The default application to load.
#kibana.defaultAppId: "discover"

# If your Elasticsearch is protected with basic authentication, these settings provide
# the username and password that the Kibana server uses to perform maintenance on the Kibana
# index at startup. Your Kibana users still need to authenticate with Elasticsearch, which
# is proxied through the Kibana server.
#elasticsearch.username: "user"
#elasticsearch.password: "pass"

# Enables SSL and paths to the PEM-format SSL certificate and SSL key files, respectively.
# These settings enable SSL for outgoing requests from the Kibana server to the browser.
#server.ssl.enabled: false
#server.ssl.certificate: /path/to/your/server.crt
#server.ssl.key: /path/to/your/server.key

# Optional settings that provide the paths to the PEM-format SSL certificate and key files.
# These files validate that your Elasticsearch backend uses the same key files.
#elasticsearch.ssl.certificate: /path/to/your/client.crt
#elasticsearch.ssl.key: /path/to/your/client.key

# Optional setting that enables you to specify a path to the PEM file for the certificate
# authority for your Elasticsearch instance.
#elasticsearch.ssl.certificateAuthorities: [ "/path/to/your/CA.pem" ]

# To disregard the validity of SSL certificates, change this setting's value to 'none'.
#elasticsearch.ssl.verificationMode: full

# Time in milliseconds to wait for Elasticsearch to respond to pings. Defaults to the value of
# the elasticsearch.requestTimeout setting.
#elasticsearch.pingTimeout: 1500

# Time in milliseconds to wait for responses from the back end or Elasticsearch. This value
# must be a positive integer.
#elasticsearch.requestTimeout: 30000

# List of Kibana client-side headers to send to Elasticsearch. To send *no* client-side
# headers, set this value to [] (an empty list).
#elasticsearch.requestHeadersWhitelist: [ authorization ]

# Header names and values that are sent to Elasticsearch. Any custom headers cannot be overwritten
# by client-side headers, regardless of the elasticsearch.requestHeadersWhitelist configuration.
#elasticsearch.customHeaders: {}

# Time in milliseconds for Elasticsearch to wait for responses from shards. Set to 0 to disable.
#elasticsearch.shardTimeout: 0

# Time in milliseconds to wait for Elasticsearch at Kibana startup before retrying.
#elasticsearch.startupTimeout: 5000

# Specifies the path where Kibana creates the process ID file.
#pid.file: /var/run/kibana.pid

# Enables you specify a file where Kibana stores log output.
#logging.dest: stdout

# Set the value of this setting to true to suppress all logging output.
#logging.silent: false

# Set the value of this setting to true to suppress all logging output other than error messages.
#logging.quiet: false

# Set the value of this setting to true to log all events, including system usage information
# and all requests.
#logging.verbose: false

# Set the interval in milliseconds to sample system and process performance
# metrics. Minimum is 100ms. Defaults to 5000.
#ops.interval: 5000

# The default locale. This locale can be used in certain circumstances to substitute any missing
# translations.
#i18n.defaultLocale: "en"

上面只是一些配置文件的梳理，實際上我們要啓動這些 並不需要所有的配置

elasticsearch.yml

$vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml

path.data: /data/elasticsearch     #日誌存儲目錄
path.logs: /data/elasticsearch/log #elasticsearch啓動日誌路徑
network.host: elk1        #這裏是主機IP,我寫了hosts
node.name: "node-2"       #節點名字,不同節點名字要改爲不一樣
http.port: 9200           #api接口url
node.master: true         #主節點
node.data: true           #是否存儲數據
    
#手動發現節點,多個節點配置
#discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: [elk1, elk2]
 

kibana.yml

vim /opt/kibana/config/kibana.yml

server.port: 5601
#server.host: "localhost"
server.host: "0.0.0.0"
elasticsearch.url: "http://elk1:9200"

logstash-sample.conf

input{
  beats {
    port => "5044"
    codec => plain
    {
      charset => "GBK"   #處理亂碼
    }
  }

filter {

}
output{
        if [type] == "error" {
                 elasticsearch {
                        hosts => [ "127.0.0.1:9200"]
                        index => "logstash-error"
}}
if [type] == "info" {
                elasticsearch {
                        hosts => [ "127.0.0.1:9200"]
                        index => "logstash-info"
}}
 stdout{
        codec => rubydebug
}
}

filebeat自帶了很多moudle,mysql,apache,nginx等，在filebeat.full.yml中。

filebeat.yml

filebeat.prospectors:
# 指定要監控的日誌，可以指定具體得文件或者目錄
- input_type: log  #輸入filebeat的類型，包括log(具體路徑的日誌)和stdin(鍵盤輸入)兩種。
  paths:
    - /var/log/*  #（這是默認的）（自行可以修改）
  type: "info"
  fields:
    logtype: info
  multiline.pattern: ^\[
  multiline.negate: true
  multiline.match: after
output.logstash:
  hosts: ["localhost:5044"]

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