硬盘分区并挂载
环境：虚拟机，centos6.5
1.添加一块硬盘20G
2.查看fdisk -l分区情况,是一块完整的盘
# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
3.对磁盘进行分区
# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +5G
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.查看内核是否真正的读取分区表
# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 20971520 sda 8 1 409600 sda1 8 2 20560896 sda2 8 16 20971520 sdb 8 17 5253223 sdb1
4.格式化分区
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
5.设定卷标
# e2label /dev/sdb1 myfirst
6.编辑/etc/fstab文件，添加如下内容
# vim /etc/fstab LABEL=myfirst /mnt/firstsdb ext4 defaults 0 0
7.新建一个挂载点
# mkdir /mnt/firstsdb
8.挂载文件系统
# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/firstsdb/
查看是否挂载成功
# mount /dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0") none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) /dev/sdb1 on /mnt/firstsdb type ext4 (rw)
在挂载目录下，会生成一个lost+found目录
# cd /mnt/firstsdb/ # ls lost+found
按前面的步骤又新建一个磁盘
# fdisk -cu /dev/sdb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 63 10506509 5253223+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 10506510 14700813 2097152 83 Linux
查看时，没有识别sdb2分区
# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 20971520 sda 8 1 409600 sda1 8 2 20560896 sda2 8 16 20971520 sdb 8 17 5253223 sdb1
此时可以使用partx识别
# partx -a /dev/sdb BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 1 # cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 20971520 sda 8 1 409600 sda1 8 2 20560896 sda2 8 16 20971520 sdb 8 17 5253223 sdb1 8 18 2097152 sdb2
之后再进行相应的挂载工作
查看卷标,用e2label 磁盘名
# e2label /dev/sdb1 myfirst
创建一个1G的交换分区
Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-4): 3 Hex code (type L to list codes): 82 /dev/sdb3 916 1046 1048576 82 Linux swap / Solaris
挂载前查看交换分区多大
# free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1006 161 844 0 20 69 -/+ buffers/cache: 72 934 Swap: 399 0 399
格式化交换分区
# mkswap /dev/sdb3 Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1048572 KiB no label, UUID=71372e47-1252-4303-9fa2-6a1545820716
# vim /etc/fstab /dev/sdb3 swap swap defaults 0 0
激活swap分区
# swapon /dev/sdb3
激活交换分区后，查看交换分区的大小
# free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1006 162 844 0 20 69 -/+ buffers/cache: 72 933 Swap: 1423 0 1423