linux查看系統的硬件信息,並不像windows那麼直觀,這裏我羅列了查看系統信息的實用命令,並做了分類,實例解說。
查看當前操作系統內核信息
# uname -a
Linux redcat 2.6.31-20-generic #58-Ubuntu SMP Fri Mar 12 05:23:09 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux
查看當前操作系統發行版信息
[root@dep5 ~]# cat /etc/issue Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago) Kernel \r on an \m
cpu
lscpu命令,查看的是cpu的統計信息.
[root@dep5 ~]# clear [root@dep5 ~]# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 #架構 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit #32位,64位 Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 1 #CPU個數 On-line CPU(s) list: 0 Thread(s) per core: 1 #每個核心線程數是1 Core(s) per socket: 1 #每個cpu插槽核數/每顆物理cpu核數是1 Socket(s): 1 #CPU插槽數1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel #cpu廠商ID是GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 #CPU系列6 Model: 58 #型號58 Stepping: 9 #步進是9 CPU MHz: 1895.739 #cpu主頻是1895.739MHz BogoMIPS: 3791.47 Hypervisor vendor: VMware Virtualization type: full L1d cache: 32K #一級緩存32K(google了下,這具體表示表示cpu的L1數據緩存爲32k) L1i cache: 32K #一級緩存32K(具體爲L1指令緩存爲32K) L2 cache: 256K #二級緩存2048K L3 cache: 2048K #三級緩存2048K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0
查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每個cpu信息,如每個CPU的型號,主頻等。
#cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 42 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320 CPU @ 3.00GHz .....
上面輸出的是第一個cpu部分信息,還有3個cpu信息省略了。
查看cpu型號
[root@dep5 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c 1 Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU 1005M @ 1.90GHz
查看物理cpu顆數
[root@dep5 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c 1 address sizes : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
(說明實際上是1顆2核的CPU)
查看cpu運行模式
[root@dep5 ~]# getconf LONG_BIT 64
查看cpu是否支持64bit
[root@dep5 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep ' lm ' | wc -l 1
(結果大於0, 說明支持64bit計算. lm指long mode, 支持lm則是64bit)
內存
概要查看內存情況
free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3926 3651 274 0 12 404 -/+ buffers/cache: 3235 691 Swap: 9536 31 9505
這裏的單位是MB,總共的內存是3926MB。
查看內存詳細使用
[root@dep5 ~]# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 1180536 kB MemFree: 832688 kB Buffers: 32484 kB Cached: 151700 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 128232 kB .....
查看內存硬件信息
dmidecode -t memory # dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0008, DMI type 16, 23 bytes Physical Memory Array Location: System Board Or Motherboard .... Maximum Capacity: 32 GB .... Handle 0x000A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes .... Memory Device Array Handle: 0x0008 Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 64 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 4096 MB .....
我的主板有4個槽位,只用了一個槽位,上面插了一條4096MB的內存。
磁盤
查看硬盤和分區分佈
[root@dep5 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 200M 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 200M 0 part [SWAP] └─sda3 8:3 0 19.6G 0 part / sr0 11:0 1 3.6G 0 rom
顯示很直觀
如果要看硬盤和分區的詳細信息
[root@dep5 ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00023e42 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 26 52 204800 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda3 52 2611 20560896 83 Linux
網卡
查看網卡硬件信息
# lspci | grep -i 'eth' 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06)
查看系統的所有網絡接口
# ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:以太網 硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f ..... lo Link encap:本地環回 .....
或者是
ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state DOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
如果要查看某個網絡接口的詳細信息,例如eth0的詳細參數和指標
# ethtool eth0 Settings for eth0: Supported ports: [ TP MII ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #支持千兆半雙工,全雙工模式 Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自適應模式,一般都支持 Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默認使用自適應模式 Link partner advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full ..... Speed: 100Mb/s #現在網卡的速度是100Mb,網卡使用自適應模式,所以推測路由是100Mb,導致網卡從支持千兆,變成要支持百兆 Duplex: Full #全雙工 ..... Link detected: yes #表示有網線連接,和路由是通的
其他
查看pci信息,即主板所有硬件槽信息。
lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #顯卡 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #聲卡 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽 00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盤接口 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盤接口 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #網卡 03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)
如果要更詳細的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv
如果要看設備樹:lscpi -t
查看bios信息
# dmidecode -t bios ...... BIOS Information Vendor: American Megatrends Inc. Version: 4.6.5 Release Date: 04/25/2012 ....... BIOS Revision: 4.6 ......
dmidecode以一種可讀的方式dump出機器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。這些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS,既可以得到當前的配置,也可以得到系統支持的最大配置,比如說支持的最大內存數等。
如果要查看所有有用信息
dmidecode -q [root@dep5 ~]# dmidecode --help Usage: dmidecode [OPTIONS] Options are: -d, --dev-mem FILE Read memory from device FILE (default: /dev/mem) -h, --help Display this help text and exit -q, --quiet Less verbose output -s, --string KEYWORD Only display the value of the given DMI string -t, --type TYPE Only display the entries of given type -u, --dump Do not decode the entries --dump-bin FILE Dump the DMI data to a binary file --from-dump FILE Read the DMI data from a binary file -V, --version Display the version and exit