- 什麼是difflib? 用來做什麼?
difflib爲python的標準庫模塊,無需安裝。
作用時對比文本之間的差異。
並且支持輸出可讀性比較強的HTML文檔,與Linux下的diff 命令相似。
在版本控制方面非常有用。 - 符號理解
符號 含義
'-' 包含在第一個系列行中,但不包含第二個。
'+' 包含在第二個系列行中,但不包含第一個。
' ' 兩個系列行一致
'?' 存在增量差異
'^' 存在差異字符
import difflib
text1 = ''' 1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
- Explicit is better than implicit.
- Simple is better than complex.
- Complex is better than complicated.
'''.splitlines(keepends=False)
print(text1) 將多行文本按行分隔,返回一個列表,不保留行尾換行符
text2 = ''' 1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
- Simple is better than complex.
- Complicated is better than complex.
- Flat is better than nested.
'''.splitlines(keepends=True)
print(text2) # 將多行文本按行分隔,返回一個列表,保留行尾換行符
"""
splitlines()按照行分割
返回一個包含各行作爲元素的列表
參數:
keepends=True 保留換行符
keepends=False 不包含換行符
"""
#實現linux裏面類似diff命令的功能
#d = difflib.Differ()
#print(''.join(list(d.compare(text1,text2))))
d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlContent = d.make_file(text1,text2)
#print(htmlContent)
with open('diff.html','w') as f:
f.write(htmlContent)
linux文件之間的對比
首先將文件內容讀取出來,然後按照上述方法進行處理即可:
import difflib
filename1 = '/tmp/passwd'
filename2 = '/tmp/passwd1'
with open(filename1) as f1,open(filename2) as f2:
content1 = f1.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
content2 = f2.read().splitlines(keepends=True)
d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
htmlContent = d.make_file(content1,content2)
with open('passwdDiff.html','w') as f:
f.write(htmlContent)