更換Ubuntu默認源爲國內源

安裝Ubuntu後，使用國外源太慢了，修改爲國內源會快很多。

1、修改過程

1.1 備份

備份/etc/apt/sources.list，命令如下：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

1.2 修改Ubuntu的源列表

修改 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件下的列表，特別需要說明的是這些列表和當前的Ubuntu系統的版本有關，不同版本使用不同的配置。例如：

1.2.1 官方中國 Ubuntu 18.04 更新源

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

1.2.2 官方中國 Ubuntu 16.04 更新源

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
##測試版源
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


# 源碼
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
##測試版源
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


# Canonical 合作伙伴和附加
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ xenial partner
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main

1.3 最後執行更新源命令

更新源命令如下：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

2、國內比較有名的Ubuntu鏡像網站

可將官方中國 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ 替換爲下面任意的服務器：

• 阿里雲
  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/
  Ubuntu 18.04 更新源如下：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

• 網易
  http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/
  Ubuntu 18.04 更新源如下：

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

• 搜狐
  http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/

教育網

• 中科大
  https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v4/v6)
  http://mirrors4.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v4)
  http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v6)

• 中科院 OpenCAS
  http://mirrors.opencas.cn/ubuntu/

• 清華
  http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v4/v6) http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v4) http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v6)

• 上海交通大學
  http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v4/v6)
  http://ftp6.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v6)

3、參考資料

• Ubuntu 16.04 source
  http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/模板:16.04source

• Ubuntu 18.04修改默認源爲國內源
  https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-08/153709.htm