1.RMAN 整庫備份與恢復
1.1備份全庫
--對整個數據庫進行全備份
backup database;
--備份全庫及控制文件、服務器參數文件與所有歸檔的重做日誌，並刪除舊的歸檔日誌
backup database plus archivelog delete input;
1.2全庫恢復
rm -rf /oracle/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/*
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ ls
archivelog.bak datafile leo01.dbf.bak system01.dbf.bak undotbs01.dbf.bak
control01.ctl.bak example01.dbf.bak sysaux01.dbf.bak temp01.dbf.bak users01.dbf.bak
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu May 4 00:00:08 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1043886080 bytes
Fixed Size 2259840 bytes
Variable Size 889193600 bytes
Database Buffers 146800640 bytes
Redo Buffers 5632000 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu May 4 00:01:04 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (not mounted)
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/control/cf_c-1468135053-20170503-07';
Starting restore at 04-MAY-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 04-MAY-17
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 04-MAY-17
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 04-MAY-17
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 28 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 04-MAY-17
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 04-MAY-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Crosschecked 2 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 04-MAY-17
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
using channel ORA_DISK_1
datafile 4 not processed because file is offline
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/leo01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/db_10s3bnr6_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/db_10s3bnr6_1_1 tag=TAG20170503T233814
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05
Finished restore at 04-MAY-17
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 04-MAY-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
datafile 4 not processed because file is offline
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 87 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_87_940354317.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 89 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_dg6f7w2x_.log
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 90 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_dg6f7xhp_.log
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 91 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_dg6f7tf5_.log
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_87_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=87
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_88_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=88
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_dg6f7w2x_.log thread=1 sequence=89
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_dg6f7xhp_.log thread=1 sequence=90
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL_ST/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_dg6f7tf5_.log thread=1 sequence=91
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished recover at 04-MAY-17
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ ls
archivelog datafile leo01.dbf sysaux01.dbf.bak temp01.dbf undotbs01.dbf.bak
control01.ctl example01.dbf leo01.dbf.bak system01.dbf temp01.dbf.bak users01.dbf.bak
control01.ctl.bak example01.dbf.bak sysaux01.dbf system01.dbf.bak undotbs01.dbf
[oracle@localhost orcl]$
SQL> select count(*) from leo;
COUNT(*)
----------
68317
2.RMAN 表空間備份與恢復
2.1備份表空間
備份指定表空間及歸檔的重做日誌，並刪除舊的歸檔日誌
backup tablespace leo plus archivelog delete input;
2.2恢復表空間
[root@localhost orcl]# pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl
[root@localhost orcl]# rm -rf leo01.dbf
run{sql sql "alter tablespace users offline";//如果文件不存在，則用 sql "alter tablespace users offline immeidate";
restore tablespace leo;
recover tablespace leo; //與online redolog file 信息一致
sql "alter tablespace leo online";}
RMAN> run{sql "alter tablespace leo offline immediate";
restore tablespace leo;
recover tablespace leo;
4> sql "alter tablespace leo online";}
sql statement: alter tablespace leo offline immediate
Starting restore at 04-MAY-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/leo01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/db_10s3bnr6_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/db_10s3bnr6_1_1 tag=TAG20170503T233814
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished restore at 04-MAY-17
Starting recover at 04-MAY-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 87 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_87_940354317.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 88 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_88_940354317.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 89 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_89_940354317.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 90 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_90_940354317.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 91 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_91_940354317.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_1_943056305.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 2 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_2_943056305.arc
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_87_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=87
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_88_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=88
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_89_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=89
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_90_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=90
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_91_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=91
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 04-MAY-17
sql statement: alter tablespace leo online
SQL> select count(*) from leo;
COUNT(*)
----------
68317
3 RMAN 數據文件級備份與恢復
3.1備份數據文件
backup datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/leo01.dbf';
3.2恢復數據文件
[root@localhost orcl]# pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl
[root@localhost orcl]# rm -rf leo01.dbf
run{sql "alter database datafile 6 offline";
restore datafile 6;
recover datafile 6;
sql "alter database datafile 6 online";}
RMAN>run{sql "alter database datafile 6 offline";
restore datafile 6;
recover datafile 6;
4> sql "alter database datafile 6 online";}
sql statement: alter database datafile 6 offline
Starting restore at 04-MAY-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/leo01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/db_10s3bnr6_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/db_10s3bnr6_1_1 tag=TAG20170503T233814
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished restore at 04-MAY-17
Starting recover at 04-MAY-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 87 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_87_940354317.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 88 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_88_940354317.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 89 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_89_940354317.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 90 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_90_940354317.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 91 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_91_940354317.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_1_943056305.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 2 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_2_943056305.arc
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_87_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=87
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_88_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=88
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_89_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=89
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_90_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=90
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_91_940354317.arc thread=1 sequence=91
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 04-MAY-17
sql statement: alter database datafile 6 online
4 備份歸檔日誌
backup archivelog all delete input;
5 RMAN 的完全恢復與不完全恢復
5.1 基於時間點的恢復
1)第一種方式
run{
set until time "to_date(07/01/02 15:00:00','mm/dd/yy hh24:mi:ss')";
restore database;
recover database;
alter database open resetlogs;
}
2)第二種方式
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';
1.startup mount;
2.restore database until time "to_date('2009-7-19 13:19:00','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')";
3.recover database until time "to_date('2009-7-19 13:19:00','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')";
4.alter database open resetlogs;
--實驗腳本
run{
set until time "to_date('05/04/2017 03:26:23','mm/dd/yyyy hh24:mi:ss')";
restore database;
recover database;
alter database open resetlogs;
}
--注意事項
這種恢復類型允許用戶將數據庫恢復到與指定時間一致的狀態。 當然，如果不存在能將數據庫還原到用戶請求的時間的有效備份或歸檔重做日誌，Oracle 就會報RMAN-03002 和 RMAN-20207的錯誤。
必須具備在我們指定的恢復時間之前生成的數據庫備份，此外還需要所有歸檔的重做日誌。
--全庫備份
RMAN> backup database;
Starting backup at 04-MAY-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=40 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/leo01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 04-MAY-17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 04-MAY-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/db_1cs3c4ve_1_1 tag=TAG20170504T032222 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35
Finished backup at 04-MAY-17
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 04-MAY-17
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/control/cf_c-1468135053-20170504-06 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 04-MAY-17
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
--打開顯示完整時間
SQL> conn leo/leo
Connected.
SQL> set time on;
--創建表
03:24:42 SQL> create table leo1 (id number(10));
Table created.
--插入數據並提交， 爲了保持數據一致性，最好使用sys用戶手動切換日誌（ALTER SYSTEM SWITCHLOGFILE）和觸發CKPT（ALTERSYSTEM CHECKPOINT）
03:24:52 SQL> insert into leo1 values(10);
1 row created.
03:25:08 SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
03:25:38 SQL> select * from leo1;
ID
----------
10
03:25:50 SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
03:25:56 SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
03:26:17 SQL> conn leo/leo
Connected.
03:26:23 SQL> drop table leo1 purge;
Table dropped.
03:26:41 SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
03:26:47 SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
03:26:55 SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
03:27:05 SQL> !rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu May 4 03:28:23 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup mount
Oracle instance started
database mounted
Total System Global Area 1043886080 bytes
Fixed Size 2259840 bytes
Variable Size 889193600 bytes
Database Buffers 146800640 bytes
Redo Buffers 5632000 bytes
RMAN中查看當前INCARNATION號，注意：如果有其他的操作，以後恢復時應該選取當前查看到的INCARNATION號，使用RESET DATABASE TO INCARNATION <INCARNATION號>命令
RMAN> list incarnation;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Database Incarnations
DB Key Inc Key DB Name DB ID STATUS Reset SCN Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1 1 ORCL 1468135053 PARENT 1 24-AUG-13
2 2 ORCL 1468135053 PARENT 925702 03-APR-17
3 3 ORCL 1468135053 PARENT 1440351 04-MAY-17
4 4 ORCL 1468135053 CURRENT 1456377 04-MAY-17
編輯基於時間點恢復的腳本，注意時間點的選取，此處選取爲刪除表的時間點（03:26:23），注意時間點尤其重要
run{
set until time "to_date('05/04/2017 03:26:23','mm/dd/yyyy hh24:mi:ss')";
restore database;
recover database;
alter database open resetlogs;
}
executing command: SET until clause
Starting restore at 04-MAY-17
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=21 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/leo01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/db_1cs3c4ve_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/db_1cs3c4ve_1_1 tag=TAG20170504T032222
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
Finished restore at 04-MAY-17
Starting recover at 04-MAY-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 04-MAY-17
database opened
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
03:32:22 SQL> conn leo/leo
Connected.
--驗證被刪掉的表的數據
03:32:25 SQL> select * from leo1;
ID
----------
10
5.2 基於 SCN的恢復
實驗腳本
run {
set until scn=1463992;
restore database;
recover database;
alter database open resetlogs;}
也可以用下面步驟來執行
1.startup mount;
2.restore database until scn 10000;
3.recover database until scn 10000;
4.alter database open resetlogs;
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select current_scn from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN
-----------
1463992
SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/leo01.dbf
6 rows selected.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ ls
archivelog datafile leo01.dbf sysaux01.dbf.bak temp01.dbf undotbs01.dbf.bak
control01.ctl example01.dbf leo01.dbf.bak system01.dbf temp01.dbf.bak users01.dbf
control01.ctl.bak example01.dbf.bak sysaux01.dbf system01.dbf.bak undotbs01.dbf
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ rm -rf leo01.dbf
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu May 4 04:13:48 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> shutdown abort;
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1043886080 bytes
Fixed Size 2259840 bytes
Variable Size 889193600 bytes
Database Buffers 146800640 bytes
Redo Buffers 5632000 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> !rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu May 4 04:21:10 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1468135053, not open)
--rman scn 恢復數據庫
run {
set until scn=1463992;
restore database;
recover database;
5> alter database open resetlogs;}
executing command: SET until clause
Starting restore at 04-MAY-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/leo01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/db_1cs3c4ve_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/db_1cs3c4ve_1_1 tag=TAG20170504T032222
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
Finished restore at 04-MAY-17
Starting recover at 04-MAY-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 9 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_9_943066955.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 10 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_10_943066955.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_1_943068610.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 2 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_2_943068610.arc
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_9_943066955.arc thread=1 sequence=9
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_10_943066955.arc thread=1 sequence=10
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished recover at 04-MAY-17
database opened
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
--數據庫打開，表已恢復
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
SQL> conn leo/leo
Connected.
SQL> select * from leo1;
ID
----------
10
5.3 基於日誌序列的恢復
--腳本
run {
set until sequence=3;
restore database;
recover database;
alter database open resetlogs;}
也可以分開執行
1.startup mount;
2.restore database until SEQUENCE 100 thread 1; //100是日誌序列
3.recover database until SEQUENCE 100 thread 1;
4.alter database open resetlogs;
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> set lines 200
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- --------- ------------ ---------
1 1 1 52428800 512 1 YES INACTIVE 1463993 04-MAY-17 1463996 04-MAY-17
2 1 2 52428800 512 1 YES INACTIVE 1463996 04-MAY-17 1464311 04-MAY-17
3 1 3 52428800 512 1 NO CURRENT 1464311 04-MAY-17 2.8147E+14
SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/leo01.dbf
6 rows selected.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ ls
archivelog datafile leo01.dbf sysaux01.dbf.bak temp01.dbf undotbs01.dbf.bak
control01.ctl example01.dbf leo01.dbf.bak system01.dbf temp01.dbf.bak users01.dbf
control01.ctl.bak example01.dbf.bak sysaux01.dbf system01.dbf.bak undotbs01.dbf
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ rm -rf leo01.dbf
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu May 4 04:30:35 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> shutdown abort;
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1043886080 bytes
Fixed Size 2259840 bytes
Variable Size 889193600 bytes
Database Buffers 146800640 bytes
Redo Buffers 5632000 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> ! rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu May 4 04:31:27 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1468135053, not open)
--基於日誌序列號的恢復
run {
set until sequence=3;
restore database;
recover database;
5> alter database open resetlogs;}
executing command: SET until clause
Starting restore at 04-MAY-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/leo01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/db_1cs3c4ve_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/db_1cs3c4ve_1_1 tag=TAG20170504T032222
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
Finished restore at 04-MAY-17
Starting recover at 04-MAY-17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 9 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_9_943066955.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 10 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_10_943066955.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_1_943068610.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 2 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_2_943068610.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 3 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_3_943068610.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_1_943071751.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 2 is already on disk as file /u01/archive/1_2_943071751.arc
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_9_943066955.arc thread=1 sequence=9
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_10_943066955.arc thread=1 sequence=10
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_1_943068610.arc thread=1 sequence=1
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_2_943068610.arc thread=1 sequence=2
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_3_943068610.arc thread=1 sequence=3
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_1_943071751.arc thread=1 sequence=1
archived log file name=/u01/archive/1_2_943071751.arc thread=1 sequence=2
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished recover at 04-MAY-17
database opened
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
SQL> conn leo/leo
Connected.
SQL> select * from leo1;
ID
----------
10
6 RMAN 修復壞塊
對於壞塊，可以選擇跳過壞塊，如果有RMAN 備份的話，可以直接利用RMAN 來修復壞塊。
先用RMAN 備份DB. 壞塊可以利用BBED進行標記。
SQL> conn leo/leo
Connected.
select * from (
SELECT DBMS_ROWID.rowid_relative_fno(ROWID) rel_fno,
DBMS_ROWID.rowid_block_number(ROWID) blockno,
DBMS_ROWID.rowid_row_number(ROWID) rowno
5 FROM leo) where rownum<10;
REL_FNO BLOCKNO ROWNO
---------- ---------- ----------
6 131 0
6 131 1
6 131 2
6 131 3
6 131 4
6 131 5
6 131 6
6 131 7
6 131 8
9 rows selected.
BBED> corrupt dba 6,131
BBED> verify dba 6,131
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu May 4 20:54:07 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1468135053)
RMAN> blockrecover datafile 6 block 131;
Starting recover at 04-MAY-17
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=52 device type=DISK
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 04-MAY-17
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu May 4 20:55:03 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> conn leo/leo
Connected.
SQL> select count(*) from leo;
COUNT(*)
----------
68317
7 修改RMAN 的參數，如備份保留策略
可以顯示出RMAN 配置參數爲:
RMAN> show all;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL_PD are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/control/cf_%F';
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/db_%U';
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE 'LEO';
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default
查詢RMAN設置中非默認值:
SQL> select name,value from v$rman_configuration;
NAME VALUE
----------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/db_%U'
CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/backup/control/cf_%F'
CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON
常用的configure選項
--保留策略 retention policy
configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;
configure retention policy to redundancy 5;
configure retention policy clear;
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO NONE;
第一種recover window是保持所有足夠的備份，可以將數據庫系統恢復到最近七天內的任意時刻。任何超過最近七天的數據庫備份將被標記爲obsolete。
第二種redundancy 是爲了保持可以恢復的最新的5份數據庫備份，任何超過最新5份的備份都將被標記爲redundancy。它的默認值是1份。
第三四：NONE 可以把使備份保持策略失效，Clear 將恢復默認的保持策略
一般最安全的方法是採用第二種保持策略。
--備份優化 backup optimization
configure backup optimization on;
configure backup optimization off;
configure backup optimization clear;
默認值爲關閉，如果打開，rman將對備份的數據文件及歸檔等文件進行一種優化的算法。
--默認設備 default device type
configure default device type to disk;
configure default device type to stb;
configure default device type clear;
是指定所有I/O操作的設備類型是硬盤或者磁帶，默認值是硬盤
磁帶的設置是CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO SBT;
--控制文件 controlfile
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/cfs01/backup/conf/conf_%F';
configure controlfile autobackup clear;
configrue controlfile autobackup format for device type disk clear;
--並行數(通道數) device type disk|stb pallelism n;
configure device type disk|stb parallelism 2;
configure device type disk|stb clear; --用於清除上面的信道配置
configure channel device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';
configure channel device type disk maxpiecesize 100m
configure channel device type disk rate 1200K
configure channel 1 device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';
configure channel 2 device type disk format 'e/:rmanback_%U';
configure channel 1 device type disk maxpiecesize 100m
配置數據庫設備類型的並行度。
--生成備份副本 datafile|archivelog backup copies
configure datafile backup copies for device type disk|stb to 3;
configure archivelog backup copies for device type disk|stb to 3;
--是設置數據庫的歸檔日誌的存放設備類型
configure datafile|archivelog backup copies for device type disk|stb clear
是配置數據庫的每次備份的copy數量，oracle的每一次備份都可以有多份完全相同的拷貝。
--排除選項 exclude
configure exclude for tablespace 'LEO';
configrue exclude clear;
此命令用於將指定的表空間不備份到備份集中， 此命令對只讀表空間是非常有用的。
--備份集大小 maxsetsize
configure maxsetsize to 1G|1000M|1000000K|unlimited;
configure maxsetsize clear;
--其它選項 auxiliary
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 1 TO '/u01/backup/auxfiles/aux_1.f';
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 2 TO '/u01/backup/auxfiles/aux_2.f';
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 3 TO '/u01/backup/auxfiles/aux_3.f';
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 4 TO '/u01/backup/auxfiles/aux_4.f';
-
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 1 CLEAR;
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 2 CLEAR;
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 3 CLEAR;
CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 4 CLEAR;
Rman的format格式中的%
%c 備份片的拷貝數
%d 數據庫名稱
%D 位於該月中的第幾天 (DD)
%M 位於該年中的第幾月 (MM)
%F 一個基於DBID唯一的名稱,這個格式的形式爲c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ,其中IIIIIIIIII爲該數據庫的DBID，YYYYMMDD爲
日期，QQ是一個1-256的序列
%n 數據庫名稱，向右填補到最大八個字符
%u 一個八個字符的名稱代表備份集與創建時間
%p 該備份集中的備份片號，從1開始到創建的文件數
%U 一個唯一的文件名，代表%u_%p_%c
%s 備份集的號
%t 備份集時間戳
%T 年月日格式(YYYYMMDD)