全新以最小化包安裝了64位的CentOS7.6系統，作爲本地的Web服務器使用，現記錄全過程
第三步，安裝php數據庫v7.3.6、nginx-1.17.0、phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1
※ 知悉
1. 從php7.1開始，官方就開始建議用openssl_*系列函數代替Mcrypt_*系列的函數，所以以下參數應該在./configure中去除
--enable-gd-native-ttf --with-mcrypt
否則會報錯
configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --enable-gd-native-ttf, --with-mcrypt
2. configure配置時，記得將--prefix=/usr/local/php/放置在./configure 的最後面，確保php被正確安裝在/usr/local/php目錄（切記）
3. php7.3.6編譯mysql參數時不要帶路徑，否則會報錯“致命錯誤：my_global.h：沒有那個文件或目錄”
--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql 改爲 --with-pdo-mysql
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config 改爲 --with-mysqli
4. 編譯時會提示xslt-config not found，預先添加搜索路徑到配置文件
configure: error: xslt-config not found. Please reinstall the libxslt >= 1.1.0 distribution
[root@localhost builder]# yum install libxslt libxslt-devel -y
configure: error: off_t undefined; check your library configuration
# 添加搜索路徑到配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# echo '/usr/local/lib64
/usr/local/lib
/usr/lib
/usr/lib64'>>/etc/ld.so.conf
# 更新配置
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig -v
5. mysql8.0.11以後caching_sha2_password是默認的身份驗證插件，而不是以往的mysql_native_password，從而導致phpMyAdmin連接mysql時使用mysql_native_password報錯如下：
mysqli_real_connect(): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client [caching_sha2_password]
兩個解決方案：
1) 修改mysql的登錄設置，將password改爲你數據庫的root密碼
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';
2) 或者修改my.cnf，在[mysqld]中加入紅色字體內容
[mysqld]
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
準備工作1：
下載安裝包及相關依賴
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.3.6.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.17.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://nih.at/libzip/libzip-1.2.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.43.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/4.9.0.1/phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# yum install bzip2 bzip2-devel curl curl-devel openssl \
openssl-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel \
freetype-devel libxslt libxslt-devel -y
安裝net-tools，以執行netstat、ifconfig、route等常用命令
[root@localhost ~]# yum install net-tools -y
準備工作2：PHP安裝zip拓展，解決以下安裝問題
1) 報錯："libzip not found，Please reinstall the libzip distribution"
2) 報錯：zipconf.h：沒有那個文件或目錄（No such file or directory）
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove libzip -y
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf libzip-1.2.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd libzip-1.2.0
[root@localhost libzip-1.2.0]# ./configure
[root@localhost libzip-1.2.0]# make && make install
[root@localhost libzip-1.2.0]# cd ..
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/lib/libzip/include/zipconf.h /usr/local/include/
準備工作3：nginx安裝pcre擴展
[root@localhost ~]# tar zxvf pcre-8.43.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd pcre-8.43
[root@localhost pcre-8.43]# ./configure
[root@localhost pcre-8.43]# make && make install
[root@localhost pcre-8.43] cd ..
準備工作4：添加www的用戶組及用戶
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd www
[root@localhost ~]# useradd www -g www -s /sbin/nologin
準備工作5：安裝目錄及相關說明
安裝目錄
/usr/local/php
/usr/local/nginx
/usr/local/mysql
/www/php/phpMyAdmin
源文件目錄
/root/php-7.3.6
/root/nginx-1.17.0
/root/pcre-8.43
/root/libzip-1.2.0
/root/phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages
配置文件目錄
/usr/local/php/php.ini
/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
/www/php/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php
nginx的web目錄
/www
/www/java #java項目的web根目錄
/www/php #php項目的web根目錄
/www/html #html靜態文件項目的web根目錄
安裝php
[root@localhost ~]# tar zxvf php-7.3.6.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd php-7.3.6
[root@localhost php-7.3.6]# mkdir builder
[root@localhost php-7.3.6]# cd builder
[root@localhost builder]# ../configure --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php \
--with-fpm-user=www --with-fpm-group=www --enable-fpm \
--with-pdo-mysql --with-pdo-sqlite --with-mysqli \
--with-freetype-dir=/usr/lib --with-png-dir=/usr/lib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr/include/libxml2 --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib \
--with-curl --with-gd --with-gettext --with-iconv-dir --with-kerberos \
--with-libdir=lib64 --with-openssl --with-pcre-regex --with-pear \
--with-xmlrpc --with-xsl --with-zlib --with-bz2 --with-mhash \
--enable-bcmath --enable-inline-optimization --enable-mbregex \
--enable-mbstring --enable-opcache --enable-pcntl --enable-shmop \
--enable-soap --enable-exif --enable-ftp --enable-wddx \
--enable-sockets --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --enable-zip \
--prefix=/usr/local/php/
[root@localhost builder]# make -j 8 && make install
至此，php-7.3.6安裝完畢，屏幕打印信息如下：
Build complete.
Don't forget to run 'make test'.
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20180731/
Installing PHP CLI binary: /usr/local/php/bin/
Installing PHP CLI man page: /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/
Installing PHP FPM binary: /usr/local/php/sbin/
Installing PHP FPM defconfig: /usr/local/php/etc/
Installing PHP FPM man page: /usr/local/php/php/man/man8/
Installing PHP FPM status page: /usr/local/php/php/php/fpm/
Installing phpdbg binary: /usr/local/php/bin/
Installing phpdbg man page: /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/
Installing PHP CGI binary: /usr/local/php/bin/
Installing PHP CGI man page: /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/
Installing build environment: /usr/local/php/lib/php/build/
Installing header files: /usr/local/php/include/php/
Installing helper programs: /usr/local/php/bin/
program: phpize
program: php-config
Installing man pages: /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/
page: phpize.1
page: php-config.1
Installing PEAR environment: /usr/local/php/lib/php/
[PEAR] Archive_Tar - installed: 1.4.7
[PEAR] Console_Getopt - installed: 1.4.2
[PEAR] Structures_Graph- installed: 1.1.1
[PEAR] XML_Util - installed: 1.4.3
[PEAR] PEAR - installed: 1.10.9
Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php/etc/pear.conf
You may want to add: /usr/local/php/lib/php to your php.ini include_path
/root/php-7.3.6/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php/bin
ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php/bin/phar
Installing PDO headers: /usr/local/php/include/php/ext/pdo/
配置php
# 複製php.ini到指定的配置目錄--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php（開發環境推薦php.ini-development，生產環境推薦php.ini-production）
# 複製 php.ini、php-fpm.conf、www.conf 配置文件
[root@localhost builder]# cd /root/php-7.3.6
[root@localhost php-7.3.6]# cp /root/php-7.3.6/php.ini-development /usr/local/php/php.ini
[root@localhost php-7.3.6]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost php-7.3.6]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
# 添加軟連接
[root@localhost php-7.3.6]# ln -s /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm /usr/local/bin
啓動php
[root@localhost php-7.3.6]# cp /root/php-7.3.6/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm.in /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.3.6]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.3.6]# chkconfig php-fpm on
[root@localhost php-7.3.6]# vi /etc/init.d/php-fpm
# 修改內容項如下（紅色字體爲有修改的內容項），可避免以下報錯，懂shell腳本的很容易明白的：
報錯：Starting php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm: line 57: @sbindir@/php-fpm: No such file or directory
prefix=/usr/local/php
exec_prefix=$prefix
php_fpm_BIN=$prefix/sbin/php-fpm
php_fpm_CONF=$prefix/etc/php-fpm.conf
php_fpm_PID=$prefix/var/run/php-fpm.pid
[root@localhost php-7.3.6]# service php-fpm restart
[root@localhost php-7.3.6]# ps aux | grep php
root 32183 0.0 0.1 127652 6568 ? Ss 01:50 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nobody 32184 0.0 0.1 127652 6100 ? S 01:50 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 32185 0.0 0.1 127652 6100 ? S 01:50 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
[root@localhost php-7.3.6]# netstat -tunlp |grep 9000
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 32560/php-fpm: mast
用ps 查看php進程-->正常，netstat查看端口監聽-->正常，php安裝配置到止全部結束。
安裝nginx
[root@localhost ~]# tar zxvf nginx-1.17.0.tar.gzip
[root@localhost ~]# cd nginx-1.17.0
[root@localhost nginx-1.17.0]# ./configure \
--user=www \
--group=www \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--with-pcre=/root/pcre-8.43 \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_v2_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--with-threads
[root@localhost nginx-1.17.0]# make && make install
nginx的configure參數官方文檔（也可以./configure --help查看）
http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html
配置www的網站目錄
建立www運行目錄，並賦予www.www用戶組的執行權限
[root@localhost nginx]# mkdir /www
[root@localhost nginx]# cd /www
[root@localhost www]# mkdir html
[root@localhost www]# mkdir php
[root@localhost www]# mkdir java
[root@localhost www]# vi /www/php/info.php
# info.php中加入以下內容，保存退出
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
[root@localhost www]# chown -R www.www /www
配置nginx整合php
修改nginx.conf文件，整合php
[root@localhost www]# cd /usr/local/nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location ~ \.php$ {
root /www/php;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /www/php$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
以上紅色字爲有修改的部分（去年#註釋），參數解釋如下：
location 正則匹配到以php結尾的到這裏解析，
root 指明瞭網站目錄
fastcgi_pass 指明瞭用哪裏的php-fpm來解析
fastcgi_index 指明首頁
fastcgi_param 指明的是php動態程序的主目錄，/scripts也就是$fastcgi_script_name前面指定的路徑，我們一般在這裏寫網站根目錄的路徑，比如我們的路徑是 /www/html。
# 測試nginx修改並重新加載nginx.conf（下列命令必須要先啓動nginx才能執行）
[root@localhost nginx]# sbin/nginx -t
[root@localhost nginx]# sbin/nginx -s reload
配置nginx爲系統服務並加入開機啓動
[root@localhost nginx]# vi /etc/init.d/nginx
# 以下爲nginx 文件內容，請複製粘貼保存
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
[root@localhost nginx]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# chkconfig nginx on
[root@localhost nginx]# chkconfig --list|grep nginx
nginx 0:關 1:關 2:開 3:開 4:開 5:開 6:關
[root@localhost nginx]# service nginx start
[root@localhost nginx]# ps aux |grep nginx
root 17432 0.0 0.0 46180 1180 ? Ss 23:21 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
www 17433 0.0 0.0 46572 1968 ? S 23:21 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 17436 0.0 0.0 112728 992 pts/1 S+ 23:21 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
查看端口監聽情況
[root@localhost nginx]# netstat -antp
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9604/php-fpm: maste
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16946/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9549/sshd
tcp 0 0 192.168.154.132:22 192.168.154.1:50204 ESTABLISHED 10148/sshd: root@pt
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 9884/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 9549/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::33060 :::* LISTEN 9884/mysqld
訪問80端口
[root@localhost nginx]# curl 127.0.0.1:80
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
在防火牆中開啓80端口的遠程訪問
[root@localhost nginx]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
success
[root@localhost nginx]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@localhost nginx]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
3306/tcp 80/tcp
這樣瀏覽器中就可以用ip來訪問了，假設ip爲192.168.0.10
nginx歡迎頁面
http://192.168.0.10
phpinfo頁面
http://192.168.0.10/info.php
至此，nginx+php配置全部結束
phpMyAdmin配置
[root@localhost ~]# tar zxvf phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages.tar.gzip
[root@localhost ~]# mv phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages /www/php/phpMyAdmin
[root@localhost ~]# cd /www/php/phpMyAdmin/
[root@localhost phpMyAdmin]# cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php
[root@localhost phpMyAdmin]# vi config.inc.php
# 將host設置爲127.0.0.1，blowfish_secret值隨便填入46位長度以內的字符串
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = '127.0.0.1';
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = '29*(#*&$KFDJIELFksdie*///'
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R www.www /www/php/phpMyAdmin
修改mysql的登錄設置，將password改爲你數據庫的root密碼
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';
或者修改my.cnf，在[mysqld]中加入紅色字體內容
[mysqld]
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
原因：在MySQL 8.0+中，默認身份驗證插件已從'mysql_native_password'更改爲'caching_sha2_password'，'root'@'localhost'管理帳戶默認使用'caching_sha2_password'身份驗證插件。跟phpMyAdmin不兼容，如果希望root帳戶使用之前的默認身份驗證插件'mysql_native_password'。
在nginx中配置phpMyAdmin訪問
在nginx中建立phpMyAdmion配置文件pma.conf，監聽8081端口
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
[root@localhost conf]# mkdir conf.d
[root@localhost conf]# vi conf.d/pma.conf
# 以下爲pma.conf的內容，請複製粘貼保存
server {
listen 8081;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /www/php/phpMyAdmin;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root /www/php/phpMyAdmin;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /www/php/phpMyAdmin$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
location ~ /\.ht {
deny all;
}
}
將配置文件加入nginx.conf中，並reload重新加載nginx配置，使剛設置的立即生效
[root@localhost conf]# vi nginx.conf
# 在文件最後的}之前加入紅色內容，加載剛纔編輯的pma.conf配置文件，如示：
include conf.d/*.conf;
}
[root@localhost conf]# ../sbin/nginx -s reload
開放防火牆的8081端口訪問
[root@localhost conf]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8081/tcp --permanent
success
[root@localhost conf]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
這時，可以直接用http://ip:8081訪問phpMyAdmin（ip請改爲你配置phpMyAdmin服務器的ip）
至此，nginx+php+phpMyAdmin的配置講解全部結束！