接口
RESTful規範
restful規範面試總結
'''
1.url鏈接設計：採用https方式，有api關鍵字，有版本需要明確版本，請求鏈接用名詞來表示資源，具體的操作方式採用請求方式來確定
2.url響應數據設計：需要明確 狀態碼、錯誤信息、成功結果，子資源一般用子資源的接口來標註
'''
原生簡易書寫TESTful規範接口
# 路由層
from app import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^books/', views.books),
]
# 視圖層
from django.http import JsonResponse
book_list = [{'id': 1, 'name': '紅樓夢'}, {'id': 2, 'name': '水滸傳'}]
def books(request):
if request.method == "GET":
if 'ak' not in request.GET:
return JsonResponse({
'status': '101',
'msg': 'ak不存在'
}, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
ak = request.GET.get('ak')
if ak != '123abc':
return JsonResponse({
'status': '200',
'msg': 'ak非法'
}, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
return JsonResponse({
'status': '0',
'msg': 'ok',
'results': book_list
}, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
if request.method == 'POST':
name = request.POST.get('name')
if not name:
return JsonResponse({
'status': '101',
'msg': '參數不合法',
}, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
id = len(book_list) + 1
book = {'id': id, 'name': name}
book_list.append(book)
return JsonResponse({
'status': '0',
'msg': 'ok',
'results': book
}, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
cbv流程
"""
1) as_view()
-- Users.as_view()本質拿到view(request, *args, **kwargs)函數對象
2）view(request, *args, **kwargs)
-- return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)來完成請求的反射
3）dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
-- 完成具體的請求響應的分發
# 注：重寫dispatch是可以在分發響應時，加入其它邏輯限制
"""
drf安裝
drf的安裝步驟
drf具體的使用
# 路由層
from app import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^teachers/', views.Teachers.as_view()),
]
# 視圖層
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
class Teachers(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
salary = request.GET.get('salary')
print(salary)
return Response({
'status': 2,
'msg': 'get請求成功',
})
# 前臺發送數據的方式：formdate | urlencoded | json
# drf的request都對其二次封裝解析到request.data中
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
salary = request.data.get('salary')
print(salary)
return Response({
'status': 2,
'msg': 'post請求成功',
})
drf 的 請求源碼分析
# as_view()
# 核心走了父類as_view
view = super(APIView, cls).as_view(**initkwargs)
# 返回的是局部禁用csrf認證的view視圖函數
return csrf_exempt(view)
# dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
# 二次封裝request對象
request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)
# 自定義request規則
self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)
# initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
# 原生request封裝在request._request
# initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
# 認證
self.perform_authentication(request)
# 權限
self.check_permissions(request)
# 頻率
self.check_throttles(request)
# 在drf的request.py的模塊中，對django的request進行二次封裝
def __getattr__(self, attr):
try:
return getattr(self._request, attr)
except AttributeError:
return self.__getattribute__(attr)
# 完成對django的request完全兼容
drf序列化
# models.py
class Students(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
age = models.IntegerField()
gender = models.CharField(max_length=8)
def __str__(self):
return 'Student: %s' % self.name
# 自定義序列化類：爲具體的類提供序列化
# my_serializer.py
from rest_framework import serializers
class StudentSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
# 1.如果沒有source引入models的字段名，序列化字段名必須同models的字段名
# 2.如果有source引入models的字段名，序列化字段名必須不同於models的字段名，目的是對外隱藏數據庫的字段名
id = serializers.IntegerField()
stu_name = serializers.CharField(source='name')
age = serializers.IntegerField()
gender = serializers.CharField()
# views.py
from app import models
from app.my_serializer import StudentSerializer
class Students(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
stus = models.Students.objects.all()
# 需要序列化多個對象，需要明確many=True
stu_ser = StudentSerializer(stus, many=True)
print(stus)
return Response({
'status': 0,
'msg': 'ok',
'results': stu_ser.data
})
# urls.py
from app import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^students/', views.Students.as_view()),
]
序列化
