HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out

pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host=‘files.pythonhosted.org’, port=443): Read timed out

1. pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host=‘files.pythonhosted.org’, port=443): Read timed out.

yongqiang@famu-sys:~$ sudo pip install tensorflow-gpu==1.4.0
[sudo] yongqiang 的密碼： 
WARNING: The directory '/home/yongqiang/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
WARNING: The directory '/home/yongqiang/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting tensorflow-gpu==1.4.0
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3d/59/7b74db1ce032b5368d96d0b0965baa02b8d6a91726b4ed58be249c268e98/tensorflow_gpu-1.4.0-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (170.1MB)
     |████                            | 21.5MB 4.0kB/s eta 10:25:18ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 360, in _error_catcher
    yield
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 442, in read
    data = self._fp.read(amt)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py", line 62, in read
    data = self.__fp.read(amt)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 448, in read
    n = self.readinto(b)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 488, in readinto
    n = self.fp.readinto(b)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/socket.py", line 575, in readinto
    return self._sock.recv_into(b)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 929, in recv_into
    return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 791, in read
    return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 575, in read
    v = self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
socket.timeout: The read operation timed out

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 178, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 352, in run
    resolver.resolve(requirement_set)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/resolve.py", line 131, in resolve
    self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/resolve.py", line 294, in _resolve_one
    abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/resolve.py", line 242, in _get_abstract_dist_for
    self.require_hashes
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 347, in prepare_linked_requirement
    progress_bar=self.progress_bar
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 886, in unpack_url
    progress_bar=progress_bar
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 746, in unpack_http_url
    progress_bar)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 954, in _download_http_url
    _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 683, in _download_url
    hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py", line 62, in check_against_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 651, in written_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/utils/ui.py", line 156, in iter
    for x in it:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line 640, in resp_read
    decode_content=False):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 494, in stream
    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 459, in read
    raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/contextlib.py", line 77, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 365, in _error_catcher
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.
yongqiang@famu-sys:~$ 

2. 安裝超時

網絡原因導致的安裝超時，重新下載。

1. 設置超時時間延長後重新下載。
   下載命令後添加參數 --default-timeout=1000，時間可以自定義。

2. 更換安裝源。
   豆瓣源。
   清華大學源。

3. 下載離線包，使用 pip install ******.whl 安裝。