前言:
樹莓派有多種聯網的方式,通過有線網或者通過無線網。通過有線網連接是比較簡單的,在開啓dhcp的路由器下,直接插上網線就可以聯網,本文介紹樹莓派無線聯網的方式。再沒聯網的情況下,如果沒有屏幕等外設,通過串口連接是一種比較簡單有效的方式。
掃描WIFI:
使用如下命令可以掃描附近的無線網:
sudo iwlist wlan0 scan
掃描結果如下:
wlan0 Scan completed :
Cell 01 - Address: F0:B4:29:1F:28:F1
ESSID:"00H Studio"
Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn
Mode:Master
Frequency:2.422 GHz (Channel 3)
Encryption key:on
Bit Rates:300 Mb/s
Extra:rsn_ie=30140100000fac040100000fac040100000fac020000
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
Quality=100/100 Signal level=84/100
Cell 02 - Address: 06:74:9C:08:3F:7C
ESSID:"QLU-2.4G"
Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn
Mode:Master
Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)
Encryption key:off
Bit Rates:144 Mb/s
Quality=100/100 Signal level=72/100
Cell 03 - Address: D6:50:3F:0B:81:D1
ESSID:"7788"
Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgn
Mode:Master
Frequency:2.422 GHz (Channel 3)
Encryption key:on
Bit Rates:72 Mb/s
Extra:rsn_ie=30140100000fac040100000fac040100000fac020c00
IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1
Group Cipher : CCMP
Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP
Authentication Suites (1) : PSK
IE: Unknown: DD180050F204104A00011010440001021049000600372A000120
Quality=44/100 Signal level=62/100
複製代碼
這裏的“00H Studio”是無線網的名稱。IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1是加密的方式。加密的類型是WPA2類型的。
添加有密碼的WIFI網絡
通過配置wpa_supplicant.conf可以設置要連接的無線網。
sudo vim /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
在文件末尾出添加一下代碼,並替換掉ssid_name以及password即可。
network={
ssid="ssid_name"
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
psk="password"
}
通過
ifconfig wlan0
可以查看IP地址是否分配成功
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:4e:06:34:f8:f5
inet addr:192.168.9.177 Bcast:192.168.9.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fdf5:a28:b70c:0:746:52db:d822:14bd/64 Scope:Global
inet6 addr: fdf5:a28:b70c::6c5/128 Scope:Global
inet6 addr: fe80::ea4e:6ff:fe34:f8f5/64 Scope:Link
inet6 addr: fdf5:a28:b70c:0:ea4e:6ff:fe34:f8f5/64 Scope:Global
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:100930 errors:0 dropped:36149 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:290150 errors:0 dropped:2 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:146598855 (139.8 MiB) TX bytes:3218776758 (2.9 GiB)
連接隱藏網絡
如果要連接的是隱藏的網絡,需要在配置文件中添加scan_ssid連接。需要添加的內容如下:
network={
ssid="yourHiddenSSID"
scan_ssid=1
psk="Your_wifi_password"
}
添加多個無線網絡配置
network={
ssid="SchoolNetworkSSID"
psk="passwordSchool"
id_str="school"
}
network={
ssid="HomeNetworkSSID"
psk="passwordHome"
id_str="home"
}
如果您有兩個網絡的範圍,可以添加優先級選項來在它們之間進行選擇。具有最高優先級的範圍內的網絡將是連接的網絡。
network={
ssid="HomeOneSSID"
psk="passwordOne"
priority=1
id_str="homeOne"
}
network={
ssid="HomeTwoSSID"
psk="passwordTwo"
priority=2
id_str="homeTwo"
}
添加沒有密碼的WIFI網絡
添加沒有密碼的WIFI網絡需要注意將key_mgmt設置爲NONE
network={
ssid=“ssid_name”
key_mgmt=NONE
}
IP的設置
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
address 192.168.0.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
錯誤的調試
如果出現連接不成功的情況,有很大的可能是由於配置文件配置錯誤的原因。
sudo wpa_supplicant -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -i wlan0
通過wpa_supplicant的直接連接,如果配置文件出現問題,則會直接提示配置文件的錯誤詳情。
如果出現一下結果,則一般代表配置文件沒有問題
Successfully initialized wpa_supplicant
nl80211: Driver does not support authentication/association or connect commands
wlan0: Failed to initialize driver interface