Python学习之基础知识学习

最近几天做不实验,无所事事决定学一下Python,在网上按照教程学习一下Python,顺便分享一下学到的知识,巩固一下。

1.变量

首先学习的是我们最熟悉的变量,Python中的变量可以包含数字或者文本,下面介绍怎么创建变量:

#example 1
x = 3
print(x)

输出结果为:3

#example 2
x = 'hello'
print(x)

输出结果为:hello

#example 3
a = 5
b = 3
print(a+b)
a = '5'
b = '3'
print(a+b)

输出结果为:8和53

2.列表

列表在Python中可以存放数字和文本的有序序列,下面介绍如何创建列表:

#example 1
list_x = [3,'hello','world']
print(list_x)

输出结果为:[3,'hello','world']

list_x.append('name')
print(list_x)

输出结果为:[3,'helo','world','name']

#example 3
list_y = ['three','nihao','shijie']
list_z = list_x + list_y
print(list_z)
print(list_z[0:2])

输出结果为:[3,'hello','world','name','three','nihao','shijie']和[3,'hello']

3.元组

Python中元组和列表相似,不同的是元组中的内容不能更改,下面介绍元组如何创建:

#example 1
tuple_x = (2.1,'dajiahao')
print(tuple_x)
tuple_x = tuple_x + (3.3,)
print(tuple_x)

输出结果为:(2.1,'dajiahao')和(2.1,'dajiahao',3.3)

#example 2
tuple_x[1] = 'hello everyone'

输出结果为:结果报错,元组中的内容不能更改。

4.字典

字典是Python中的可变容器,创建方法如下:

#example 1

Property = {'name':'dengdeng','height',180}
print(property)
print(property['name'])
print(property['height'])

输出结果为:{‘name’:'dengdeng','height':180}和dengdeng和180

#example 2
porperty['age'] = 23
print(porperty)

输出结果为:{'name':'dengdeng','height':180,'age':23}

5.if语句

Python中的if语句与MATLAB中的稍有区别:

#example 1
x = 3
if x < 2:
    score = 'low'
elif x > 5:
    score = 'height'

else:
    score = 'medium'

输出结果为:medium

6.循环语句

Python中的循环语句有for和while两种:

#example 1
x = 1
for i in range(2):
    x += 1
    print('i = {0},x = {1}'.format(i,x))

输出结果为:i = 0,x = 2;i = 1,x = 3

#example 2
x = 2 
while x > 0:
    x -= 1
    print(x)

输出结果:1 0

7.函数

函数是Python中模块化可重用代码段的一种方法:

#example 1
def add_three(x):
    x += 3
    return x
score = 0
score = add_three(x = score)
print(score)

输出结果为:3

8.类

面向对象编程中最重要的概念之一,下面介绍如何创建类属性:

#example 1
class pets(object):

    def __init__(self,species,color,name):
        self.species = species   
        self.color = color
        self.name = name

    def __str__(self):
    return '{0} {1} named {2}'.format(self.color,self.species,self.name)

    def change_name(self,new_name):
    self.name = new_name



my_dog = pets(species = 'dog',color = 'yellow',name = 'dengdeng')
print(my_dog)
print(my_dog.name)


my_dog.change_name(new_name = 'dingding')
print(my_dog)
print(my_dog.name)

输出结果为:yellow dog named dengdeng和dengdeng和yellow dog named dingding和dingding

最后附上学习网站:https://github.com/GokuMohandas/practicalAI

每天进步一点点~

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