前言
Zuul是Netflix開源的一個API Gateway服務器,本質上是一個web servlet應用。Zuul在雲平臺上提供動態路由,監控、彈性、安全等邊緣服務的框架,Zuul相當於是設備和Netflix流應用的Web網站後端所有請求的前門。
Zuul工作原理
一、過濾器機制
zuul的核心是一系列的filters,其作用可以類比Servlet框架的Filter或AOP,它把Request route到用戶處理邏輯的過程中,filter參與一些過濾處理,比如Authentication,Load Shedding等。
二、過濾器的生命週期
zuul項目搭建
新建服務zuul--microservicecloud-zuul-gateway-9527
1.引入依賴
<parent>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-zuul-gateway-9527</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!-- zuul路由網關 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- actuator監控 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- hystrix容錯 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 日常標配 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 熱部署插件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.添加配置文件application.yml
其中關於zuul的一些屬性,prefix: /atguigu 是地址前綴的設置;mydept.path: /mydept/** 是設置訪問服務時的路由配置
server:
port: 9527
spring:
application:
name: microservicecloud-zuul-gateway
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka
instance:
instance-id: gateway-9527.com
prefer-ip-address: true
zuul:
#ignored-services: microservicecloud-dept
prefix: /atguigu
ignored-services: "*"
routes:
mydept.serviceId: microservicecloud-dept
mydept.path: /mydept/**
info:
app.name: atguigu-microcloud
company.name: www.atguigu.com
build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$
build.version: $project.version$
3.主啓動類添加註解
@EnableZuulProxy
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
public class Zuul_9527_StartSpringCloudApp
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
SpringApplication.run(Zuul_9527_StartSpringCloudApp.class, args);
}
}
4.啓動驗證路由效果
不用路由:
http://localhost:8001/dept/get/1
啓用路由:
前綴:atguigu
mydept代替服務名稱:microservicecloud-dept
http://myzuul.com:9527/atguigu/mydept/dept/get/1
小結
zuul的路由功能負責將外部請求轉發到具體的微服務實例上,是實現外部訪問同意入口的基礎;
zuul的過濾器功能則負責對請求的處理過程進行干預,是實現請求校驗、服務聚合等功能的基礎。
將zuul自身註冊爲Eureka服務治理下的應用,同時從Eureka中獲得其他微服務的消息,也即以後的訪問微服務是通過Zuul跳轉後獲得。
感謝您的訪問!