cobbler批量化安裝系統-CentOS7

1.1 cobbler簡介

　　

1.1.1 cobbler集成的服務

 　　 PXE服務支持

 　　 DHCP服務管理

 　　 DNS服務管理(可選bind,dnsmasq)

  　　電源管理

  　　Kickstart服務支持

  　　YUM倉庫管理

  　　TFTP(PXE啓動時需要)

  　　Apache(提供kickstart的安裝源，並提供定製化的kickstart配置)

1.2 安裝cobbler

1.2.1 環境說明

[root@Cobbler ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

[root@Cobbler ~]# uname -r

3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64

[root@Cobbler ~]# getenforceDisabled

[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service

● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)

Active: inactive (dead)

Docs: man:firewalld(1)

[root@Cobbler ~]# hostname -I

10.0.0.202 172.16.1.202

先配置好yum源：

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

1.2.2 使用yum安裝cobbler

yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd

   說明：cobbler是依賴與epel源下載

1.2.3 cobbler語法檢查前先啓動http與cobbler

systemctl start httpd.service

systemctl start cobblerd.service

cobbler check

1.2.4 進行語法檢查

[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler check

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.

2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.

3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl

6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one

8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

1.2.5 解決當中的報錯

命令集合

########################################################################################################

sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 172.16.1.63/' /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.16.1.63/' /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i 's#yes#no#' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

sed -ri "/default_password_crypted/s#(.*: ).*#\1\"`openssl passwd -1 -salt 'asasd' '123456'`\"#" /etc/cobbler/settings

systemctl start rsyncd

systemctl enable rsyncd

systemctl enable tftp.socket

systemctl start tftp.socket

systemctl restart cobblerd.service

sed -i.ori 's#192.168.1#172.16.1#g;22d;23d' /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

cobbler sync

########################################################################################################

以上命令詳解

解決1、2

#/etc/cobbler/setting中的server配置需要修改，將127.0.0.1修改爲cobbler服務器ip

cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori}

sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 172.16.1.202/' /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.16.1.202/' /etc/cobbler/settings

問題3

#讓xinetd管理thtp服務

sed 's#yes#no#g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp -i

4下載包所需的軟件包

[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaders

[root@Cobbler ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders

COPYING.elilo elilo-ia64.efi menu.c32 yaboot

COPYING.syslinux grub-x86_64.efi pxelinux.0

COPYING.yaboot grub-x86.efi README

5啓動rsync服務

[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl start rsyncd.service

[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd.service

6 debian相關無需修改

7、修改安裝完成後的root密碼

openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'

random-phrase-here 隨機字符串（不是用戶名）

your-password-here 密碼

示例

[root@Cobbler ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'sdfsdf' '123456'

$1$CLSN$LpJk4x1cplibx3q/O4O/K/

管理dhcp

sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings

防止重裝

sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings

修改dhcp模板（切記不可連續執行）

sed -i.ori 's#192.168.1#172.16.1#g;22d;23d' /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

cobbler組配置文件位置

/etc/cobbler/settings

注意：修改完成之後要使用cobbler sync 進行同步，否則不生效。

1.2.6 修改之後

再次檢查語法：

[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler check

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

重啓所有服務

systemctl restart httpd.service

systemctl restart cobblerd.service

systemctl restart dhcpd.service

systemctl restart rsyncd.service

systemctl restart tftp.socket

到此cobbler就安裝完成，下面進行web界面的操作。

1.3 cobbler的web及界面操作

瀏覽器訪問https://10.0.0.63/cobbler_web

   注意CentOS7中cobbler只支持https訪問。

   賬號密碼默認均爲cobbler

 

1.3.1 操作說明--導入鏡像

1）在虛擬機上添加上鏡像

 

2)掛載上鏡像

[root@Cobbler ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/

mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@Cobbler ~]# df -h |grep mnt

/dev/sr0 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /mnt

   3)進行導入鏡像

   選擇Import DVD  輸入Prefix(文件前綴)，Arch（版本），Breed（品牌），Path(要從什麼地方導入)

   鏡像路徑在導入鏡像的時候要注意路徑，防止循環導入。

   信息配置好後，點擊run，即可進行導入。

 

導入過程使用rsync進行導入，三個進程消失表示導入完畢

[root@Cobbler mnt]# ps -ef |grep rsync

root 12026 1 0 19:04 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/rsync --daemon --no-detach

root 13554 11778 12 19:51 ? 00:00:06 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.4-x86_64 --progress

root 13555 13554 0 19:51 ? 00:00:00 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.4-x86_64 --progress

root 13556 13555 33 19:51 ? 00:00:17 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.4-x86_64 --progress

root 13590 10759 0 19:52 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto rsync

查看日誌可以發現右running進程

      日誌位於 Events

 

導入完成後生成的文件夾

[root@Cobbler ks_mirror]# pwd

/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror

[root@Cobbler ks_mirror]# ls

CentOS7.4-x86_64 config

1.3.2 創建一臺空白虛擬機，進行測試網路安裝

注意：虛擬機的內存不能小於2G,網卡的配置要保證網絡互通

啓動虛擬機

   啓動虛擬機即可發現會有cobbler的選擇界面

選擇CentOS7.4即可進行安裝，安裝過程與光盤安裝一致，這裏就不在複述。

1.4 定製化安裝操作系統

1.4.1 添加內核參數

1）查看導入的鏡像，點擊edit

2）在內核參數中添加net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0

   能夠讓顯示的網卡變爲eth0 ，而不是CentOS7中的ens33

   修改完成後點擊保存

1.4.2 查看鏡像屬性

1.4.3 編寫ks文件

另一種方法：

1)創建新的ks文件

2）添加ks文件，並配置文件名

      創建完成後點擊Save進行保存

CentOS7  ks配置文件參考

# Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7 by yao zhang

install

url --url=$tree

text

lang en_US.UTF-8

keyboard us

zerombr

bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"

#Network information

$SNIPPET('network_config')

#network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=yes --noipv6 --hostname=CentOS7

timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai

authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512

rootpw  --iscrypted $default_password_crypted

clearpart --all --initlabel

part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024

part swap --size 1024

part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow

firstboot --disable

selinux --disabled

firewall --disabled

logging --level=info

reboot

%pre

$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')

$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')

$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')

# Enable installation monitoring

$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')

%end

%packages

@^minimal

@compat-libraries

@core

@debugging

@development

bash-completion

chrony

dos2unix

kexec-tools

lrzsz

nmap

sysstat

telnet

tree

vim

wget

%end

%post

systemctl disable postfix.service

%end

1.4.4 自定義安裝系統

1)選擇systems 創建一個新的系統

2)定義系統信息

3)配置全局網絡信息

      可以配置主機名、網關、DNS等

        我這裏面是雙網卡，所以只配置主機名和DNS

4)配置網卡信息，eth0，eth1

   需要注意，選擇static靜態，

   以上的所有配置完成後，點擊Save進行保存

附錄：

   VMware workstation中查看虛擬機mac地址的方法。在虛擬機設置中。

 

 cobbler web 界面說明

1.5 安裝虛擬機

1.5.1 開啓虛擬機

如果之前的設置就顯示安裝進度

 

1.5.2 安裝完成進行檢查

1.6 cobbler使用常見錯誤

1.6.1 cobbler check報錯

[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler syncTraceback (most recent call last):

File "/usr/bin/cobbler", line 36, in <module>

sys.exit(app.main())

File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 662, in main

rc = cli.run(sys.argv)

File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 269, in run

self.token = self.remote.login("", self.shared_secret)

File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1233, in __call__

return self.__send(self.__name, args)

File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1587, in __request

verbose=self.__verbose

File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1273, in request

return self.single_request(host, handler, request_body, verbose)

File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1306, in single_request

return self.parse_response(response)

File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1482, in parse_response

return u.close()

File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 794, in close

raise Fault(**self._stack[0])

xmlrpclib.Fault: <Fault 1: "<class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>:'login failed'">

解決辦法

systemctl restart httpd.service

systemctl restart cobblerd.service

cobbler check

1.6.2 No space left on device

 

   出現這個錯誤的原因是虛擬機的內存不足2G，

   將內存調爲2G即可（這個錯誤只會出現在CentOS7.3之上）

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