Spring-cloud之服務鏈路追蹤

如果你的服務少了,在調用服務時,誰依賴誰應該能看的很清楚，但是成百上千個服務,a調用b，b又調用c，a又調用c，x調用y
那麼這麼長的服務鏈我們如何清楚的知道他們之間的調用關係以便系統出現問題時進行定位追蹤,解決

那麼ZipKin登場了

ZipKin:是一個開放源代碼的分佈式跟蹤系統，由 Twitter 公司開源，它致力於收集服務的定時數據，以解決微服務架構中的延遲問題，包括數據的收集、存儲、查找和展現,每個服務向 ZipKin 報告計時數據，ZipKin 會根據調用關係通過 ZipKin UI 生成依賴關係圖，顯示了多少跟蹤請求通過每個服務，該系統讓開發者可通過一個 Web 前端輕鬆的收集和分析數據，例如用戶每次請求服務的處理時間等，可方便的監測系統中存在的瓶頸

聽着這功能就感覺很牛逼,來一發走起

但在使用ZipKin之前先要了解它的一些術語,就像想使用一個新的產品就要先閱讀它的說明書一樣

Span：基本工作單元，例如，在一個新建的 Span 中發送一個 RPC 等同於發送一個迴應請求給 RPC，Span 通過一個 64 位 ID 唯一標識，Trace 以另一個 64 位 ID 表示。
Trace：一系列 Spans 組成的一個樹狀結構，例如，如果你正在運行一個分佈式大數據工程，你可能需要創建一個 Trace。
Annotation：用來即使記錄一個事件的存在，一些核心 Annotations 用來定義一個請求的開始和結束
- cs：Client Sent，客戶端發起一個請求，這個 Annotation 描述了這個 Span 的開始
- sr：Server Received，服務端獲得請求並準備開始處理它，如果將其 sr 減去 cs 時間戳便可得到網絡延遲
- ss：Server Sent 表明請求處理的完成(當請求返回客戶端)，如果 ss 減去 sr 時間戳便可得到服務端需要的處理請求時間
- cr：Client Received 表明 Span 的結束，客戶端成功接收到服務端的回覆，如果 cr 減去 cs 時間戳便可得到客戶端從服務端獲取回覆的所有所需時間

好了繼續,創建hello-spring-cloud-zipkin項目

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.funtl</groupId>
        <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-zipkin</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>hello-spring-cloud-zipkin</name>
    <url>http://www.funtl.com</url>
    <inceptionYear>2018-Now</inceptionYear>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Boot End -->

        <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
            <artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-ui</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Cloud End -->
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.funtl.hello.spring.cloud.zipkin.ZipKinApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

主要增加了 3 個依賴，io.zipkin.java:zipkin、io.zipkin.java:zipkin-server、io.zipkin.java:zipkinautoconfigureui
注意版本號爲：2.10.1 可以託管到 dependencies項目中

dependencies項目的pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.funtl</groupId>
    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <name>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</name>
    <url>http://www.funtl.com</url>
    <inceptionYear>2018-Now</inceptionYear>

    <properties>
        <!-- Environment Settings -->
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>

        <!-- Spring Settings -->
        <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
        <zipkin.version>2.10.1</zipkin.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
                <artifactId>zipkin</artifactId>
                <version>${zipkin.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
                <artifactId>zipkin-server</artifactId>
                <version>${zipkin.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
                <artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-ui</artifactId>
                <version>${zipkin.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- Compiler 插件, 設定 JDK 版本 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <!-- 打包 jar 文件時，配置 manifest 文件，加入 lib 包的 jar 依賴 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <archive>
                        <addMavenDescriptor>false</addMavenDescriptor>
                    </archive>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <configuration>
                            <archive>
                                <manifest>
                                    <!-- Add directory entries -->
                                    <addDefaultImplementationEntries>true</addDefaultImplementationEntries>
                                    <addDefaultSpecificationEntries>true</addDefaultSpecificationEntries>
                                    <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                                </manifest>
                            </archive>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <!-- resource -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>

            <!-- install -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>

            <!-- clean -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>

            <!-- ant -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>

            <!-- dependency -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>

        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <!-- Java Document Generate -->
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <phase>prepare-package</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>jar</goal>
                            </goals>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>

                <!-- YUI Compressor (CSS/JS壓縮) -->
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId>
                    <artifactId>yuicompressor-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>1.5.1</version>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <phase>prepare-package</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>compress</goal>
                            </goals>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                    <configuration>
                        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                        <jswarn>false</jswarn>
                        <nosuffix>true</nosuffix>
                        <linebreakpos>30000</linebreakpos>
                        <force>true</force>
                        <includes>
                            <include>**/*.js</include>
                            <include>**/*.css</include>
                        </includes>
                        <excludes>
                            <exclude>**/*.min.js</exclude>
                            <exclude>**/*.min.css</exclude>
                        </excludes>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>

        <!-- 資源文件配置 -->
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>
                </excludes>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>aliyun-repos</id>
            <name>Aliyun Repository</name>
            <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>

        <repository>
            <id>sonatype-repos</id>
            <name>Sonatype Repository</name>
            <url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/groups/public</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>sonatype-repos-s</id>
            <name>Sonatype Repository</name>
            <url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>

        <repository>
            <id>spring-snapshots</id>
            <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>aliyun-repos</id>
            <name>Aliyun Repository</name>
            <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>
</project>

創建項目的application文件 ZipKinApplication.class
需要加上註解@EnableZipkinServer 開啓 Zipkin Server 功能還有eureka客戶端,要註冊到eureka上

package com.einblatt.hello.spring.cloud.zipkin;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import zipkin.server.internal.EnableZipkinServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZipkinServer
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ZipKinApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ZipKinApplication.class,args);
    }
}

application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: hello-spring-cloud-zipkin

server:
  port: 9411      //zipkin默認端口

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

management:
  metrics:
    web:
      server:
        auto-time-requests: false

追蹤服務,每個項目都要進行跟蹤,包括eureka,也就是將需要追蹤的服務註冊到zipkin上,除了dependencies 項目外
增加spring-cloud-starter-zipkin 依賴

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>

並且在這些項目的application.yml中增加

spring:
  zipkin:
    base-url: http://localhost:9411

測試zipkin是否追蹤成功,訪問任意被跟蹤的服務
然後再訪問http://localhost:9411/

若能追蹤到你訪問的服務則配置zipkin成功!

Spring-cloud之服務鏈路追蹤

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