oracle10g安装三部曲之oracle安装前期准备工作

在RedHat5.8上安装oracle10G之安装前期准备工作
更详细的访问:http://www.oracle.com/index.html
接下来的安装分两部分，
第一部分为前期准备工作
第二部分为oracle安装部分
第一部分：前期准备工作
1.关闭防火墙  关闭selinux
[root@stu49 tmp]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables stop
[root@stu49 tmp]# setenforce 0
2.解压oracle10的安装包，
gunzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
mv 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio /tmp/
cd /tmp/
cpio -idmv < 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
[root@stu49 database]# ls
doc  install  response  runInstaller  stage  welcome.html
[root@stu49 database]#
2.1.在解压的文件中，我们可以打开welcome.html这个网页选择Documentation-然后选择PDF；来查看详细安装信息
3.服务器内存缓存的检测，是否满足安装oracle的需求
[root@stu49 /]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        3754408 kB
[root@stu49 /]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal:       4194296 kB
[root@stu49 /]# free
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:       3754408    3574748     179660          0      64324    2929116
-/+ buffers/cache:     581308    3173100
Swap:      4194296          0    4194296
[root@stu49 /]# df -k /tmp/
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vol0-root
                      88891632   4399176  79977028   6% /
[root@stu49 /]#
[root@stu49 /]# df -k
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vol0-root
                      88891632   4399176  79977028   6% /
tmpfs                  1877204       260   1876944   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1               516040     77844    411984  16% /boot
4.查看系统版本内核
[root@stu49 /]# uname -a
Linux oracle10g 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Jun 13 18:24:36 EDT 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@stu49 /]# uname -r
2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64
[root@stu49 /]# cat /etc/redhat-release 这里需要我们注意，在安装的时候我们需要修改成RHEL4不然是无法安装的；
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.8
[root@stu49 /]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.4.6 20120305 (Red Hat 4.4.6-4) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Wed Jun 13 18:24:36 EDT 2012
[root@stu49 /]#
5.修改计算机名字配置hosts
[root@stu49 /]# hostname oracle2
[root@stu49 /]# echo "192.168.100.220oracle2" >> /etc/hosts
[root@stu49 /]# cat /etc/hosts
删除/etc/hosts文件中其他的文件，直接添加如下的内容
192.168.100.220oracle2
6.安装相关依赖包
rpm -q binutils glibc-devel glib-devel compat-db control gcc gcc-c++ ld-linux.so.2 libXp.so.6 libXt.so.6  libXtst.so.6 libXp glibc glibc-common gnome-libs libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make  sysstat xscreensaver
检查系统是否安装
7.创建用户和组.修改密码
[root@stu49 /]# groupadd dba
[root@stu49 /]# groupadd oinstall
[root@stu49 /]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@stu49 /]# id oracle
uid=501(oracle) gid=502(oinstall) groups=502(oinstall),501(dba)
[root@stu49 /]# echo 123.com | passwd --stdin oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@stu49 /]# id nobody
uid=99(nobody) gid=99(nobody) groups=99(nobody)
[root@stu49 /]#
通过查看是否安装过没有
more /etc/oraInst.loc
8.修改系统参数内核
[root@stu49 etc]# sed -e '/^#/d' -e '/^$/d' /etc/sysctl.conf > 1.conf
[root@stu49 etc]# mv 1.conf sysctl.conf
[root@stu49 etc]# vim sysctl.conf
[root@stu49 etc]#
查看
[root@stu49 etc]# cat sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
########################oracle#####################
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
[root@stu49 etc]# sysctl -p  生效
9.修改系统文件句柄的限制大小
[root@stu49 etc]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
[root@stu49 etc]# grep 'oralce' /etc/security/limits.conf
[root@stu49 etc]# grep 'oracle' /etc/security/limits.conf
oraclesoftnproc2048
oraclehardnproc20480
oraclesoftnofile65535
oraclehardnofile65535
[root@stu49 etc]#
10.修改系统pam模块
[root@stu49 etc]# vim /etc/pam.d/login
[root@stu49 etc]# cat /etc/pam.d/login | grep limits
session    required     pam_limits.so
[root@stu49 etc]#
11.创建..磁盘问题 权限问题
[root@stu49 etc]# mkdir /oracle/app/dbhome -p
[root@stu49 etc]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/dbhome/
[root@stu49 etc]# chmod -R 755 /oracle/app/dbhome/
[root@stu49 etc]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle -p
[root@stu49 etc]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/
[root@stu49 etc]# chmod 755 -R /u01/app/oracle/
[root@stu49 etc]# mkdir /oracle/tmp
[root@stu49 etc]# chmod a+wr /oracle/tmp/
[root@stu49 etc]# chown oracle:oinstall /oracle/tmp/
[root@stu49 etc]#
[root@stu49 ~]# mkdir /oracle/app/dbhome -p && chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/dbhome/ && chmod -R 755 /oracle/app/dbhome/
[root@stu49 ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle -p && chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/ && chmod 755 -R /u01/app/oracle/
[root@stu49 ~]# mkdir /oracle/tmp && chmod a+wr /oracle/tmp/ && chown oracle:oinstall /oracle/tmp/
[root@stu49 ~]#
12.配置oracle用户环境变量
[root@stu49 etc]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracle10g ~]$
[oracle@oracle10g ~]$
[oracle@oracle10g ~]$ id
uid=501(oracle) gid=502(oinstall) groups=502(oinstall),501(dba) context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
[oracle@oracle10g ~]$ echo $SHELL
/bin/bash
[oracle@oracle10g ~]$ vim .bash_profile
查看配置的环境变量
[oracle@oracle10g ~]$ cat .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export ORACLE_ALERT=/u01/app/oracle/admin/oracle2
export ORACLE_SID=oracle2
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle1
export ORACLE_DATA=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oracle2
export TMP=/oracle/tmp
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
[root@stu49 tmp]# cd /tmp/     
[root@stu49 tmp]# chown oracle:oinstall database/ -R
[root@stu49 tmp]# chmod 755 database/ -R
[root@stu49 tmp]# xhost +   需要在服务器本机执行
[root@stu49 tmp]# su - oracle        以下执行必须在图形化界面下安装,远程需要VNC或者box支持图形化的来安装