Springboot入門（八）尚硅谷-自動配置原理

8、自動配置原理
配置文件到底能寫什麼？怎麼寫？自動配置原理；
配置文件能配置的屬性參照

1、自動配置原理：
1）、SpringBoot啓動的時候加載主配置類，開啓了自動配置功能 @EnableAutoConfiguration
2）、@EnableAutoConfiguration 作用：
利用EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector給容器中導入一些組件？
可以查看selectImports()方法的內容；
List configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);獲取候選的配置

SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames()
掃描所有jar包類路徑下  META‐INF/spring.factories
把掃描到的這些文件的內容包裝成properties對象
從properties中獲取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class類（類名）對應的值，然後把他們添加在容器
中

將 類路徑下 META-INF/spring.factories 裏面配置的所有EnableAutoConfiguration的值加入到了容器中；

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,
\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration
,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration
,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfi
guration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceResolverAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceDelegatingViewResolverAutoConfiguration,
\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.SitePreferenceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.ReactorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.OAuth2AutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.SocialWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.FacebookAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.LinkedInAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.TwitterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration

每一個這樣的 xxxAutoConfiguration類都是容器中的一個組件，都加入到容器中；用他們來做自動配置；
3）、每一個自動配置類進行自動配置功能；
4）、以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration（Http編碼自動配置）爲例解釋自動配置原理；

@Configuration   //表示這是一個配置類，以前編寫的配置文件一樣，也可以給容器中添加組件
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpEncodingProperties.class)  //啓動指定類的
ConfigurationProperties功能；將配置文件中對應的值和HttpEncodingProperties綁定起來；並把
HttpEncodingProperties加入到ioc容器中
@ConditionalOnWebApplication //Spring底層@Conditional註解（Spring註解版），根據不同的條件，如果
滿足指定的條件，整個配置類裏面的配置就會生效；    判斷當前應用是否是web應用，如果是，當前配置類生效
@ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class)  //判斷當前項目有沒有這個類
CharacterEncodingFilter；SpringMVC中進行亂碼解決的過濾器；
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing =
true)  //判斷配置文件中是否存在某個配置  spring.http.encoding.enabled；如果不存在，判斷也是成立的
//即使我們配置文件中不配置pring.http.encoding.enabled=true，也是默認生效的；
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
 
   //他已經和SpringBoot的配置文件映射了  
   private final HttpEncodingProperties properties;
      //只有一個有參構造器的情況下，參數的值就會從容器中拿
   public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpEncodingProperties properties) {  
this.properties = properties;        
}    
 
@Bean   //給容器中添加一個組件，這個組件的某些值需要從properties中獲取
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判斷容器沒有這個組件？    
public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {    
CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();        
filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());        
filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST));        
filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE));        
return filter;        
}

根據當前不同的條件判斷，決定這個配置類是否生效？
一但這個配置類生效；這個配置類就會給容器中添加各種組件；這些組件的屬性是從對應的properties類中獲取
的，這些類裏面的每一個屬性又是和配置文件綁定的；
5）、所有在配置文件中能配置的屬性都是在xxxxProperties類中封裝者‘；配置文件能配置什麼就可以參照某個功
能對應的這個屬性類

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http.encoding")  //從配置文件中獲取指定的值和bean的屬
性進行綁定
public class HttpEncodingProperties {
   public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF‐8");

精髓：
1）、SpringBoot啓動會加載大量的自動配置類
2）、我們看我們需要的功能有沒有SpringBoot默認寫好的自動配置類；
3）、我們再來看這個自動配置類中到底配置了哪些組件；（只要我們要用的組件有，我們就不需要再來配置了）
4）、給容器中自動配置類添加組件的時候，會從properties類中獲取某些屬性。我們就可以在配置文件中指定這
些屬性的值；
xxxxAutoConfigurartion：自動配置類；
給容器中添加組件
xxxxProperties:封裝配置文件中相關屬性；
2、細節
1、@Conditional派生註解（Spring註解版原生的@Conditional作用）
作用：必須是@Conditional指定的條件成立，纔給容器中添加組件，配置配裏面的所有內容才生效；

自動配置類必須在一定的條件下才能生效；
我們怎麼知道哪些自動配置類生效；
我們可以通過啓用 debug=true屬性；來讓控制檯打印自動配置報告，這樣我們就可以很方便的知道哪些自動配置

類生效；
=========================
AUTO‐CONFIGURATION REPORT
=========================
Positive matches:（自動配置類啓用的）
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
   DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration matched:
    ‐ @ConditionalOnClass found required class
'org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet'; @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find
unwanted class (OnClassCondition)
      ‐ @ConditionalOnWebApplication (required) found StandardServletEnvironment
(OnWebApplicationCondition)
       
   
Negative matches:（沒有啓動，沒有匹配成功的自動配置類）
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
   ActiveMQAutoConfiguration:
      Did not match:
         ‐ @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory',
'org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)
   AopAutoConfiguration:
      Did not match:
         ‐ @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes
'org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect', 'org.aspectj.lang.reflect.Advice' (OnClassCondition)