寫在前面的話: 最近公司在做等保,其中有審計的內容,因爲第一次接觸,所以在此粘貼在網上查找的各種資料,以作記錄.

一、用戶空間審計系統簡介

Linux 內核有用日誌記錄事件的能力，包括記錄系統調用和文件訪問。管理員可以檢查這些日誌，確定是否存在安全漏洞（如多次失敗的登錄嘗試，或者用戶對系統文件不成功的訪問）。

Linux 用戶空間審計系統由 auditd、audispd、auditctl、autrace、ausearch 和 aureport 等應用程序組成。下面依次說明：

auditctl：即時控制審計守護進程的行爲的工具，如添加規則等。
auditd：audit 守護進程負責把內核產生的信息寫入到硬盤上，這些信息由應用程序和系統活動觸發產生。用戶空間審計系統通過 auditd 後臺進程接收內核審計系統傳送來的審計信息，將信息寫入到 /var/log/audit/audit.log。
aureport：查看和生成審計報告的工具。
ausearch：查找審計事件的工具
auditspd：轉發事件通知給其他應用程序，而不是寫入到審計日誌文件中。
autrace：一個用於跟蹤進程的命令。

audit和syslog日誌系統的關係

audit 主要用來記錄安全信息，用於對系統安全事件的追溯，而 syslog 用來記錄系統信息，如硬件警報和軟件日誌等。syslog 屬於應用層，沒辦法記錄太多信息，audit 用來記錄內核信息，包括文件的讀寫，權限的改變等。

二、auditd配置文件

vi /etc/audit/auditd.conf

# 是否記錄本地事件，如果設爲no，只記錄來自網絡的事件
local_events = yes
write_logs = yes
# 日誌文件
log_file = /var/log/audit/audit.log
log_group = root
log_format = RAW
# 日誌文件刷新方式，可選的選項有：
# NONE：不做特別處理
# INCREMENTAL：用freq選項的值確定多長時間發生一次向磁盤的刷新
# DATA：審計數據和日誌文件是同步的
# SYNC：寫日誌文件時，數據和元數據是同步的
flush = INCREMENTAL_ASYNC
freq = 50
# 日誌文件最大8MB
max_log_file = 8
# 日誌文件數量
num_logs = 5
# 進程優先級（-4），ps axl | grep auditd 可查
priority_boost = 4
disp_qos = lossy
dispatcher = /sbin/audispd
name_format = NONE
##name = mydomain
# 當log文件達到max_log_file設定大小後的動作。可選的動作有：
# IGNORE：忽略max_log_file設置的限制，繼續寫log文件
# SYSLOG：向syslog中寫入一條warning
# SUSPEND：auditd不再寫log文件，但是auditd繼續運行
# ROTATE：分多個log文件，一個log文件達到上限後在創建一個新的不同名字的log文件
max_log_file_action = ROTATE
# log_file文件所在的分區空閒空間少於這個設定的值時，觸發相應的動作，單位是MB
space_left = 75
# space_left設定被觸發時的動作。可選動作有：
# IGNORE, SYSLOG, SUSPEND：與前面max_log_file_action相似
# SINGLE：audit進程會將系統模式變爲單用戶模式
# HALT：audit進程將會觸發系統關機
space_left_action = SYSLOG
verify_email = yes
action_mail_acct = root
admin_space_left = 50
admin_space_left_action = SUSPEND
# 磁盤滿後觸發的動作
disk_full_action = SUSPEND
# 磁盤錯誤觸發的動作
disk_error_action = SUSPEND
use_libwrap = yes
##tcp_listen_port = 60
tcp_listen_queue = 5
tcp_max_per_addr = 1
##tcp_client_ports = 1024-65535
tcp_client_max_idle = 0
enable_krb5 = no
krb5_principal = auditd
##krb5_key_file = /etc/audit/audit.key
distribute_network = no

三、配置審計規則

auditctl命令可以控制審計系統的基本功能、設定規則等，但爲了定義重啓後一直有效的審計規則，需要把規則定義到/etc/audit/rules.d/目錄下，重啓auditd時，/etc/audit/rules.d/目錄下所有文件的規則會合併到/etc/audit/audit.rules。

預配置規則文件

在/usr/share/doc/audit-{version}/rules/目錄下，audit根據不同的標準提供了一組預配置規則文件：

nispom.rules — 審計規則配置符合《國家行業安全程序操作運行指南》的第八章中詳細說明的要求。
pci-dss-v31.rules - 審計規則配置滿足第三方支付行業所設定的要求。
stig.rules — 審計規則配置滿足由STIG（安全技術實施指南）所設定的要求。

如配置爲nispom規則：

cp /usr/share/doc/audit-2.8.4/rules/10-base-config.rules /usr/share/doc/audit-2.8.4/rules/30-nispom.rules /usr/share/doc/audit-2.8.4/rules/99-finalize.rules /etc/audit/rules.d/

重啓auditd：

service auditd restart

四、審計日誌內容

type=SYSCALL msg=audit(1557427974.683:2260): arch=c000003e syscall=257 success=yes exit=3 a0=ffffffffffffff9c a1=e61320 a2=90800 a3=0 items=1 ppid=31275 pid=4114 auid=1000 uid=0 gid=0 euid=0 suid=0 fsuid=0 egid=0 sgid=0 fsgid=0 tty=pts1 ses=113 comm="bash" exe="/usr/bin/bash" key="audit-logs"
type=CWD msg=audit(1557427974.683:2260): cwd="/etc/audit"
type=PATH msg=audit(1557427974.683:2260): item=0 name="/var/log/audit/" inode=101477489 dev=fc:00 mode=040700 ouid=0 ogid=0 rdev=00:00 nametype=NORMAL cap_fp=0000000000000000 cap_fi=0000000000000000 cap_fe=0 cap_fver=0
type=PROCTITLE msg=audit(1557427974.683:2260): proctitle="bash"

事件分析：

type=SYSCALL

記錄類型，可以到RedHat網站查詢所有類型和說明：

B.2. AUDIT RECORD TYPES

Table B.2, “Record Types” lists all currently-supported types of Audit records. The event type is specified in the type= field at the beginning of every Audit record.

Table B.2. Record Types

Event Type Explanation
ADD_GROUP Triggered when a user-space group is added.
ADD_USER Triggered when a user-space user account is added.
ANOM_ABEND[a] Triggered when a processes ends abnormally (with a signal that could cause a core dump, if enabled).
ANOM_ACCESS_FS[a] Triggered when a file or a directory access ends abnormally.
ANOM_ADD_ACCT[a] Triggered when a user-space account addition ends abnormally.
ANOM_AMTU_FAIL[a] Triggered when a failure of the Abstract Machine Test Utility (AMTU) is detected.
ANOM_CRYPTO_FAIL[a] Triggered when a failure in the cryptographic system is detected.
ANOM_DEL_ACCT[a] Triggered when a user-space account deletion ends abnormally.
ANOM_EXEC[a] Triggered when an execution of a file ends abnormally.
ANOM_LOGIN_ACCT[a] Triggered when an account login attempt ends abnormally.
ANOM_LOGIN_FAILURES[a] Triggered when the limit of failed login attempts is reached.
ANOM_LOGIN_LOCATION[a] Triggered when a login attempt is made from a forbidden location.
ANOM_LOGIN_SESSIONS[a] Triggered when a login attempt reaches the maximum amount of concurrent sessions.
ANOM_LOGIN_TIME[a] Triggered when a login attempt is made at a time when it is prevented by, for example, pam_time.
ANOM_MAX_DAC[a] Triggered when the maximum amount of Discretionary Access Control (DAC) failures is reached.
ANOM_MAX_MAC[a] Triggered when the maximum amount of Mandatory Access Control (MAC) failures is reached.
ANOM_MK_EXEC[a] Triggered when a file is made executable.
ANOM_MOD_ACCT[a] Triggered when a user-space account modification ends abnormally.
ANOM_PROMISCUOUS[a] Triggered when a device enables or disables promiscuous mode.
ANOM_RBAC_FAIL[a] Triggered when a Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) self-test failure is detected.
ANOM_RBAC_INTEGRITY_FAIL[a] Triggered when a Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) file integrity test failure is detected.
ANOM_ROOT_TRANS[a] Triggered when a user becomes root.
AVC Triggered to record an SELinux permission check.
AVC_PATH Triggered to record the dentry and vfsmount pair when an SELinux permission check occurs.
BPRM_FCAPS Triggered when a user executes a program with a file system capability.
CAPSET Triggered to record any changes in process-based capabilities.
CHGRP_ID Triggered when a user-space group ID is changed.
CHUSER_ID Triggered when a user-space user ID is changed.
CONFIG_CHANGE Triggered when the Audit system configuration is modified.
CRED_ACQ Triggered when a user acquires user-space credentials.
CRED_DISP Triggered when a user disposes of user-space credentials.
CRED_REFR Triggered when a user refreshes their user-space credentials.
CRYPTO_FAILURE_USER Triggered when a decrypt, encrypt, or randomize cryptographic operation fails.
CRYPTO_KEY_USER Triggered to record the cryptographic key identifier used for cryptographic purposes.
CRYPTO_LOGIN Triggered when a cryptographic officer login attempt is detected.
CRYPTO_LOGOUT Triggered when a crypto officer logout attempt is detected.
CRYPTO_PARAM_CHANGE_USER Triggered when a change in a cryptographic parameter is detected.
CRYPTO_REPLAY_USER Triggered when a replay attack is detected.
CRYPTO_SESSION Triggered to record parameters set during a TLS session establishment.
CRYPTO_TEST_USER Triggered to record cryptographic test results as required by the FIPS-140 standard.
CWD Triggered to record the current working directory.
DAC_CHECK Triggered to record DAC check results.
DAEMON_ABORT Triggered when a daemon is stopped due to an error.
DAEMON_ACCEPT Triggered when the auditd daemon accepts a remote connection.
DAEMON_CLOSE Triggered when the auditd daemon closes a remote connection.
DAEMON_CONFIG Triggered when a daemon configuration change is detected.
DAEMON_END Triggered when a daemon is successfully stopped.
DAEMON_RESUME Triggered when the auditd daemon resumes logging.
DAEMON_ROTATE Triggered when the auditd daemon rotates the Audit log files.
DAEMON_START Triggered when the auditd daemon is started.
DEL_GROUP Triggered when a user-space group is deleted
DEL_USER Triggered when a user-space user is deleted
DEV_ALLOC Triggered when a device is allocated.
DEV_DEALLOC Triggered when a device is deallocated.
EOE Triggered to record the end of a multi-record event.
EXECVE Triggered to record arguments of the execve(2) system call.
FD_PAIR Triggered to record the use of the pipe and socketpair system calls.
FS_RELABEL Triggered when a file system relabel operation is detected.
GRP_AUTH Triggered when a group password is used to authenticate against a user-space group.
INTEGRITY_DATA[b] Triggered to record a data integrity verification event run by the kernel.
INTEGRITY_HASH[b] Triggered to record a hash type integrity verification event run by the kernel.
INTEGRITY_METADATA[b] Triggered to record a metadata integrity verification event run by the kernel.
INTEGRITY_PCR[b] Triggered to record Platform Configuration Register (PCR) invalidation messages.
INTEGRITY_RULE[b] Triggered to record a policy rule.
INTEGRITY_STATUS[b] Triggered to record the status of integrity verification.
IPC Triggered to record information about a Inter-Process Communication object referenced by a system call.
IPC_SET_PERM Triggered to record information about new values set by an IPC_SET control operation on an IPC object.
KERNEL Triggered to record the initialization of the Audit system.
KERNEL_OTHER Triggered to record information from third-party kernel modules.
LABEL_LEVEL_CHANGE Triggered when an object's level label is modified.
LABEL_OVERRIDE Triggered when an administrator overrides an object's level label.
LOGIN Triggered to record relevant login information when a user log in to access the system.
MAC_CIPSOV4_ADD Triggered when a Commercial Internet Protocol Security Option (CIPSO) user adds a new Domain of Interpretation (DOI). Adding DOIs is a part of the packet labeling capabilities of the kernel provided by NetLabel.
MAC_CIPSOV4_DEL Triggered when a CIPSO user deletes an existing DOI. Adding DOIs is a part of the packet labeling capabilities of the kernel provided by NetLabel.
MAC_CONFIG_CHANGE Triggered when an SELinux Boolean value is changed.
MAC_IPSEC_EVENT Triggered to record information about an IPSec event, when one is detected, or when the IPSec configuration changes.
MAC_MAP_ADD Triggered when a new Linux Security Module (LSM) domain mapping is added. LSM domain mapping is a part of the packet labeling capabilities of the kernel provided by NetLabel.
MAC_MAP_DEL Triggered when an existing LSM domain mapping is added. LSM domain mapping is a part of the packet labeling capabilities of the kernel provided by NetLabel.
MAC_POLICY_LOAD Triggered when a SELinux policy file is loaded.
MAC_STATUS Triggered when the SELinux mode (enforcing, permissive, off) is changed.
MAC_UNLBL_ALLOW Triggered when unlabeled traffic is allowed when using the packet labeling capabilities of the kernel provided by NetLabel.
MAC_UNLBL_STCADD Triggered when a static label is added when using the packet labeling capabilities of the kernel provided by NetLabel.
MAC_UNLBL_STCDEL Triggered when a static label is deleted when using the packet labeling capabilities of the kernel provided by NetLabel.
MMAP Triggered to record a file descriptor and flags of the mmap(2)system call.
MQ_GETSETATTR Triggered to record the mq_getattr(3) and mq_setattr(3)message queue attributes.
MQ_NOTIFY Triggered to record arguments of the mq_notify(3) system call.
MQ_OPEN Triggered to record arguments of the mq_open(3) system call.
MQ_SENDRECV Triggered to record arguments of the mq_send(3) and mq_receive(3) system calls.
NETFILTER_CFG Triggered when Netfilter chain modifications are detected.
NETFILTER_PKT Triggered to record packets traversing Netfilter chains.
OBJ_PID Triggered to record information about a process to which a signal is sent.
PATH Triggered to record file name path information.
RESP_ACCT_LOCK[c] Triggered when a user account is locked.
RESP_ACCT_LOCK_TIMED[c] Triggered when a user account is locked for a specified period of time.
RESP_ACCT_REMOTE[c] Triggered when a user account is locked from a remote session.
RESP_ACCT_UNLOCK_TIMED[c] Triggered when a user account is unlocked after a configured period of time.
RESP_ALERT[c] Triggered when an alert email is sent.
RESP_ANOMALY[c] Triggered when an anomaly was not acted upon.
RESP_EXEC[c] Triggered when an intrusion detection program responds to a threat originating from the execution of a program.
RESP_HALT[c] Triggered when the system is shut down.
RESP_KILL_PROC[c] Triggered when a process is terminated.
RESP_SEBOOL[c] Triggered when an SELinux Boolean value is set.
RESP_SINGLE[c] Triggered when the system is put into single-user mode.
RESP_TERM_ACCESS[c] Triggered when a session is terminated.
RESP_TERM_LOCK[c] Triggered when a terminal is locked.
ROLE_ASSIGN Triggered when an administrator assigns a user to an SELinux role.
ROLE_MODIFY Triggered when an administrator modifies an SELinux role.
ROLE_REMOVE Triggered when an administrator removes a user from an SELinux role.
SELINUX_ERR Triggered when an internal SELinux error is detected.
SERVICE_START Triggered when a service is started.
SERVICE_STOP Triggered when a service is stopped.
SOCKADDR Triggered to record a socket address.
SOCKETCALL Triggered to record arguments of the sys_socketcall system call (used to multiplex many socket-related system calls).
SYSCALL Triggered to record a system call to the kernel.
SYSTEM_BOOT Triggered when the system is booted up.
SYSTEM_RUNLEVEL Triggered when the system's run level is changed.
SYSTEM_SHUTDOWN Triggered when the system is shut down.
TEST Triggered to record the success value of a test message.
TRUSTED_APP The record of this type can be used by third party application that require auditing.
TTY Triggered when TTY input was sent to an administrative process.
USER_ACCT Triggered when a user-space user account is modified.
USER_AUTH Triggered when a user-space authentication attempt is detected.
USER_AVC Triggered when a user-space AVC message is generated.
USER_CHAUTHTOK Triggered when a user account attribute is modified.
USER_CMD Triggered when a user-space shell command is executed.
USER_END Triggered when a user-space session is terminated.
USER_ERR Triggered when a user account state error is detected.
USER_LABELED_EXPORT Triggered when an object is exported with an SELinux label.
USER_LOGIN Triggered when a user logs in.
USER_LOGOUT Triggered when a user logs out.
USER_MAC_POLICY_LOAD Triggered when a user-space daemon loads an SELinux policy.
USER_MGMT Triggered to record user-space management data.
USER_ROLE_CHANGE Triggered when a user's SELinux role is changed.
USER_SELINUX_ERR Triggered when a user-space SELinux error is detected.
USER_START Triggered when a user-space session is started.
USER_TTY Triggered when an explanatory message about TTY input to an administrative process is sent from user-space.
USER_UNLABELED_EXPORT Triggered when an object is exported without SELinux label.
USYS_CONFIG Triggered when a user-space system configuration change is detected.
VIRT_CONTROL Triggered when a virtual machine is started, paused, or stopped.
VIRT_MACHINE_ID Triggered to record the binding of a label to a virtual machine.
VIRT_RESOURCE Triggered to record resource assignment of a virtual machine.

[a] All Audit event types prepended with ANOM are intended to be processed by an intrusion detection program.

[b] This event type is related to the Integrity Measurement Architecture (IMA), which functions best with a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) chip.

[c] All Audit event types prepended with RESP are intended responses of an intrusion detection system in case it detects malicious activity on the system.

Event Type	Explanation
`ADD_GROUP`	Triggered when a user-space group is added.
`ADD_USER`	Triggered when a user-space user account is added.
`ANOM_ABEND`[a]	Triggered when a processes ends abnormally (with a signal that could cause a core dump, if enabled).
`ANOM_ACCESS_FS`[a]	Triggered when a file or a directory access ends abnormally.
`ANOM_ADD_ACCT`[a]	Triggered when a user-space account addition ends abnormally.
`ANOM_AMTU_FAIL`[a]	Triggered when a failure of the Abstract Machine Test Utility (AMTU) is detected.
`ANOM_CRYPTO_FAIL`[a]	Triggered when a failure in the cryptographic system is detected.
`ANOM_DEL_ACCT`[a]	Triggered when a user-space account deletion ends abnormally.
`ANOM_EXEC`[a]	Triggered when an execution of a file ends abnormally.
`ANOM_LOGIN_ACCT`[a]	Triggered when an account login attempt ends abnormally.
`ANOM_LOGIN_FAILURES`[a]	Triggered when the limit of failed login attempts is reached.
`ANOM_LOGIN_LOCATION`[a]	Triggered when a login attempt is made from a forbidden location.
`ANOM_LOGIN_SESSIONS`[a]	Triggered when a login attempt reaches the maximum amount of concurrent sessions.
`ANOM_LOGIN_TIME`[a]	Triggered when a login attempt is made at a time when it is prevented by, for example, `pam_time`.
`ANOM_MAX_DAC`[a]	Triggered when the maximum amount of Discretionary Access Control (DAC) failures is reached.
`ANOM_MAX_MAC`[a]	Triggered when the maximum amount of Mandatory Access Control (MAC) failures is reached.
`ANOM_MK_EXEC`[a]	Triggered when a file is made executable.
`ANOM_MOD_ACCT`[a]	Triggered when a user-space account modification ends abnormally.
`ANOM_PROMISCUOUS`[a]	Triggered when a device enables or disables promiscuous mode.
`ANOM_RBAC_FAIL`[a]	Triggered when a Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) self-test failure is detected.
`ANOM_RBAC_INTEGRITY_FAIL`[a]	Triggered when a Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) file integrity test failure is detected.
`ANOM_ROOT_TRANS`[a]	Triggered when a user becomes root.
`AVC`	Triggered to record an SELinux permission check.
`AVC_PATH`	Triggered to record the `dentry` and `vfsmount` pair when an SELinux permission check occurs.
`BPRM_FCAPS`	Triggered when a user executes a program with a file system capability.
`CAPSET`	Triggered to record any changes in process-based capabilities.
`CHGRP_ID`	Triggered when a user-space group ID is changed.
`CHUSER_ID`	Triggered when a user-space user ID is changed.
`CONFIG_CHANGE`	Triggered when the Audit system configuration is modified.
`CRED_ACQ`	Triggered when a user acquires user-space credentials.
`CRED_DISP`	Triggered when a user disposes of user-space credentials.
`CRED_REFR`	Triggered when a user refreshes their user-space credentials.
`CRYPTO_FAILURE_USER`	Triggered when a decrypt, encrypt, or randomize cryptographic operation fails.
`CRYPTO_KEY_USER`	Triggered to record the cryptographic key identifier used for cryptographic purposes.
`CRYPTO_LOGIN`	Triggered when a cryptographic officer login attempt is detected.
`CRYPTO_LOGOUT`	Triggered when a crypto officer logout attempt is detected.
`CRYPTO_PARAM_CHANGE_USER`	Triggered when a change in a cryptographic parameter is detected.
`CRYPTO_REPLAY_USER`	Triggered when a replay attack is detected.
`CRYPTO_SESSION`	Triggered to record parameters set during a TLS session establishment.
`CRYPTO_TEST_USER`	Triggered to record cryptographic test results as required by the FIPS-140 standard.
`CWD`	Triggered to record the current working directory.
`DAC_CHECK`	Triggered to record DAC check results.
`DAEMON_ABORT`	Triggered when a daemon is stopped due to an error.
`DAEMON_ACCEPT`	Triggered when the `auditd` daemon accepts a remote connection.
`DAEMON_CLOSE`	Triggered when the `auditd` daemon closes a remote connection.
`DAEMON_CONFIG`	Triggered when a daemon configuration change is detected.
`DAEMON_END`	Triggered when a daemon is successfully stopped.
`DAEMON_RESUME`	Triggered when the `auditd` daemon resumes logging.
`DAEMON_ROTATE`	Triggered when the `auditd` daemon rotates the Audit log files.
`DAEMON_START`	Triggered when the `auditd` daemon is started.
`DEL_GROUP`	Triggered when a user-space group is deleted
`DEL_USER`	Triggered when a user-space user is deleted
`DEV_ALLOC`	Triggered when a device is allocated.
`DEV_DEALLOC`	Triggered when a device is deallocated.
`EOE`	Triggered to record the end of a multi-record event.
`EXECVE`	Triggered to record arguments of the `execve(2)` system call.
`FD_PAIR`	Triggered to record the use of the `pipe` and `socketpair` system calls.
`FS_RELABEL`	Triggered when a file system relabel operation is detected.
`GRP_AUTH`	Triggered when a group password is used to authenticate against a user-space group.
`INTEGRITY_DATA`[b]	Triggered to record a data integrity verification event run by the kernel.
`INTEGRITY_HASH`[b]	Triggered to record a hash type integrity verification event run by the kernel.
`INTEGRITY_METADATA`[b]	Triggered to record a metadata integrity verification event run by the kernel.
`INTEGRITY_PCR`[b]	Triggered to record Platform Configuration Register (PCR) invalidation messages.
`INTEGRITY_RULE`[b]	Triggered to record a policy rule.
`INTEGRITY_STATUS`[b]	Triggered to record the status of integrity verification.
`IPC`	Triggered to record information about a Inter-Process Communication object referenced by a system call.
`IPC_SET_PERM`	Triggered to record information about new values set by an `IPC_SET` control operation on an IPC object.
`KERNEL`	Triggered to record the initialization of the Audit system.
`KERNEL_OTHER`	Triggered to record information from third-party kernel modules.
`LABEL_LEVEL_CHANGE`	Triggered when an object's level label is modified.
`LABEL_OVERRIDE`	Triggered when an administrator overrides an object's level label.
`LOGIN`	Triggered to record relevant login information when a user log in to access the system.
`MAC_CIPSOV4_ADD`	Triggered when a Commercial Internet Protocol Security Option (CIPSO) user adds a new Domain of Interpretation (DOI). Adding DOIs is a part of the packet labeling capabilities of the kernel provided by NetLabel.
`MAC_CIPSOV4_DEL`	Triggered when a CIPSO user deletes an existing DOI. Adding DOIs is a part of the packet labeling capabilities of the kernel provided by NetLabel.
`MAC_CONFIG_CHANGE`	Triggered when an SELinux Boolean value is changed.
`MAC_IPSEC_EVENT`	Triggered to record information about an IPSec event, when one is detected, or when the IPSec configuration changes.
`MAC_MAP_ADD`	Triggered when a new Linux Security Module (LSM) domain mapping is added. LSM domain mapping is a part of the packet labeling capabilities of the kernel provided by NetLabel.
`MAC_MAP_DEL`	Triggered when an existing LSM domain mapping is added. LSM domain mapping is a part of the packet labeling capabilities of the kernel provided by NetLabel.
`MAC_POLICY_LOAD`	Triggered when a SELinux policy file is loaded.
`MAC_STATUS`	Triggered when the SELinux mode (enforcing, permissive, off) is changed.
`MAC_UNLBL_ALLOW`	Triggered when unlabeled traffic is allowed when using the packet labeling capabilities of the kernel provided by NetLabel.
`MAC_UNLBL_STCADD`	Triggered when a static label is added when using the packet labeling capabilities of the kernel provided by NetLabel.
`MAC_UNLBL_STCDEL`	Triggered when a static label is deleted when using the packet labeling capabilities of the kernel provided by NetLabel.
`MMAP`	Triggered to record a file descriptor and flags of the `mmap(2)`system call.
`MQ_GETSETATTR`	Triggered to record the `mq_getattr(3)` and `mq_setattr(3)`message queue attributes.
`MQ_NOTIFY`	Triggered to record arguments of the `mq_notify(3)` system call.
`MQ_OPEN`	Triggered to record arguments of the `mq_open(3)` system call.
`MQ_SENDRECV`	Triggered to record arguments of the `mq_send(3)` and `mq_receive(3)` system calls.
`NETFILTER_CFG`	Triggered when Netfilter chain modifications are detected.
`NETFILTER_PKT`	Triggered to record packets traversing Netfilter chains.
`OBJ_PID`	Triggered to record information about a process to which a signal is sent.
`PATH`	Triggered to record file name path information.
`RESP_ACCT_LOCK`[c]	Triggered when a user account is locked.
`RESP_ACCT_LOCK_TIMED`[c]	Triggered when a user account is locked for a specified period of time.
`RESP_ACCT_REMOTE`[c]	Triggered when a user account is locked from a remote session.
`RESP_ACCT_UNLOCK_TIMED`[c]	Triggered when a user account is unlocked after a configured period of time.
`RESP_ALERT`[c]	Triggered when an alert email is sent.
`RESP_ANOMALY`[c]	Triggered when an anomaly was not acted upon.
`RESP_EXEC`[c]	Triggered when an intrusion detection program responds to a threat originating from the execution of a program.
`RESP_HALT`[c]	Triggered when the system is shut down.
`RESP_KILL_PROC`[c]	Triggered when a process is terminated.
`RESP_SEBOOL`[c]	Triggered when an SELinux Boolean value is set.
`RESP_SINGLE`[c]	Triggered when the system is put into single-user mode.
`RESP_TERM_ACCESS`[c]	Triggered when a session is terminated.
`RESP_TERM_LOCK`[c]	Triggered when a terminal is locked.
`ROLE_ASSIGN`	Triggered when an administrator assigns a user to an SELinux role.
`ROLE_MODIFY`	Triggered when an administrator modifies an SELinux role.
`ROLE_REMOVE`	Triggered when an administrator removes a user from an SELinux role.
`SELINUX_ERR`	Triggered when an internal SELinux error is detected.
`SERVICE_START`	Triggered when a service is started.
`SERVICE_STOP`	Triggered when a service is stopped.
`SOCKADDR`	Triggered to record a socket address.
`SOCKETCALL`	Triggered to record arguments of the `sys_socketcall` system call (used to multiplex many socket-related system calls).
`SYSCALL`	Triggered to record a system call to the kernel.
`SYSTEM_BOOT`	Triggered when the system is booted up.
`SYSTEM_RUNLEVEL`	Triggered when the system's run level is changed.
`SYSTEM_SHUTDOWN`	Triggered when the system is shut down.
`TEST`	Triggered to record the success value of a test message.
`TRUSTED_APP`	The record of this type can be used by third party application that require auditing.
`TTY`	Triggered when TTY input was sent to an administrative process.
`USER_ACCT`	Triggered when a user-space user account is modified.
`USER_AUTH`	Triggered when a user-space authentication attempt is detected.
`USER_AVC`	Triggered when a user-space AVC message is generated.
`USER_CHAUTHTOK`	Triggered when a user account attribute is modified.
`USER_CMD`	Triggered when a user-space shell command is executed.
`USER_END`	Triggered when a user-space session is terminated.
`USER_ERR`	Triggered when a user account state error is detected.
`USER_LABELED_EXPORT`	Triggered when an object is exported with an SELinux label.
`USER_LOGIN`	Triggered when a user logs in.
`USER_LOGOUT`	Triggered when a user logs out.
`USER_MAC_POLICY_LOAD`	Triggered when a user-space daemon loads an SELinux policy.
`USER_MGMT`	Triggered to record user-space management data.
`USER_ROLE_CHANGE`	Triggered when a user's SELinux role is changed.
`USER_SELINUX_ERR`	Triggered when a user-space SELinux error is detected.
`USER_START`	Triggered when a user-space session is started.
`USER_TTY`	Triggered when an explanatory message about TTY input to an administrative process is sent from user-space.
`USER_UNLABELED_EXPORT`	Triggered when an object is exported without SELinux label.
`USYS_CONFIG`	Triggered when a user-space system configuration change is detected.
`VIRT_CONTROL`	Triggered when a virtual machine is started, paused, or stopped.
`VIRT_MACHINE_ID`	Triggered to record the binding of a label to a virtual machine.
`VIRT_RESOURCE`	Triggered to record resource assignment of a virtual machine.
[a] All Audit event types prepended with `ANOM` are intended to be processed by an intrusion detection program. [b] This event type is related to the Integrity Measurement Architecture (IMA), which functions best with a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) chip. [c] All Audit event types prepended with `RESP` are intended responses of an intrusion detection system in case it detects malicious activity on the system.

msg=audit(1557427974.683:2260)

括號中爲時間綴和特殊ID，如果多種記錄生成爲相同審覈事件的一部分，那麼它們可以共享相同的時間戳和ID。

後面爲Kernel或用戶空間提供的不同事件（name=value組）。

五、使用ausearch搜索審計日誌

如：搜索登錄失敗的日誌信息：

ausearch --message USER_LOGIN --success no --interpret

搜索內容如下：

----
type=USER_LOGIN msg=audit(2019年05月09日 09:58:07.647:537) : pid=6772 uid=root auid=unset ses=unset msg='op=login acct=root exe=/usr/sbin/sshd hostname=? addr=192.168.9.165 terminal=ssh res=failed'
----
type=USER_LOGIN msg=audit(2019年05月10日 03:06:53.549:2317) : pid=5003 uid=root auid=unset ses=unset msg='op=login acct=root exe=/usr/sbin/sshd hostname=? addr=192.168.9.166 terminal=ssh res=failed'

六、使用aureport查看審計報告

可以直接使用aureport命令生成概要報告，內容如下：

Summary Report
======================
Range of time in logs: 1970年01月01日 08:00:00.000 - 2019年05月10日 03:11:46.045
Selected time for report: 1970年01月01日 08:00:00 - 2019年05月10日 03:11:46.045
Number of changes in configuration: 79
Number of changes to accounts, groups, or roles: 0
Number of logins: 2
Number of failed logins: 3
Number of authentications: 7
Number of failed authentications: 16
Number of users: 3
Number of terminals: 8
Number of host names: 4
Number of executables: 14
Number of commands: 10
Number of files: 13
Number of AVC's: 0
Number of MAC events: 0
Number of failed syscalls: 812
Number of anomaly events: 0
Number of responses to anomaly events: 0
Number of crypto events: 55
Number of integrity events: 0
Number of virt events: 0
Number of keys: 9
Number of process IDs: 950
Number of events: 1935

可以通過傳入參數生成不同類型的報告。

複製於(http://blog.gopersist.com/2019/05/10/centos7-audit/index.html)

CentOS7日誌審計

一、用戶空間審計系統簡介

二、auditd配置文件

三、配置審計規則

四、審計日誌內容

五、使用ausearch搜索審計日誌

六、使用aureport查看審計報告

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