nginx访问控制-限速
可以通过ngx_http_limit_conn_module和ngx_http_limit_req_module模块来实现限速的功能。
ngx_http_limit_conn_module
该模块主要限制下载速度。
- 并发限制
配置示例
http
{
...
limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=test:10m;
...
server
{
...
limit_conn test10;
...
}
}
说明：首先用limit_conn_zone定义了一个内存区块索引test，大小为10m，它以$binary_remote_addr作为key。
该配置只能在http里面配置，不支持在server里配置。
limit_conn 定义针对test这个zone，并发连接为10个。在这需要注意一下，这个10指的是单个IP的并发最多为10个。
- 速度限制
location ~ /download/ {
...
limit_rate_after 512k;
limit_rate 150k;
...
}
说明：limit_rate_after定义当一个文件下载到指定大小（本例中为512k）之后开始限速；
limit_rate 定义下载速度为150k/s。
注意：这两个参数针对每个请求限速。
ngx_http_limit_req_module
该模块主要用来限制请求数。
- limit_req_zone
语法: limit_req_zone $variable zone=name:size rate=rate;
默认值: none
配置段: http
设置一块共享内存限制域用来保存键值的状态参数。 特别是保存了当前超出请求的数量。
键的值就是指定的变量（空值不会被计算）。
如limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s;
说明：区域名称为one，大小为10m，平均处理的请求频率不能超过每秒一次,键值是客户端IP。
使用$binary_remote_addr变量， 可以将每条状态记录的大小减少到64个字节，这样1M的内存可以保存大约1万6千个64字节的记录。
如果限制域的存储空间耗尽了，对于后续所有请求，服务器都会返回 503 (Service Temporarily Unavailable)错误。
速度可以设置为每秒处理请求数和每分钟处理请求数，其值必须是整数，
所以如果你需要指定每秒处理少于1个的请求，2秒处理一个请求，可以使用 “30r/m”。
- limit_req
语法: limit_req zone=name [burst=number] [nodelay];
默认值: —
配置段: http, server, location
设置对应的共享内存限制域和允许被处理的最大请求数阈值。
如果请求的频率超过了限制域配置的值，请求处理会被延迟，所以所有的请求都是以定义的频率被处理的。
超过频率限制的请求会被延迟，直到被延迟的请求数超过了定义的阈值，
这时，这个请求会被终止，并返回503 (Service Temporarily Unavailable) 错误。
这个阈值的默认值为0。如：
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=test:10m rate=1r/s;
server {
location /upload/ {
limit_req zone=testburst=5;
}
}
限制平均每秒不超过一个请求，同时允许超过频率限制的请求数不多于5个。
如果不希望超过的请求被延迟，可以用nodelay参数,如：
limit_req zone=testburst=5 nodelay;
示例
http {
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=test:10m rate=1r/s;
server {
location ^~ /download/ {
limit_req zone=testburst=5;
}
}
}
设定白名单IP
如果是针对公司内部IP或者lo（127.0.0.1）不进行限速，如何做呢？这就要用到geo模块了。
假如，预把127.0.0.1和192.168.100.0/24网段设置为白名单，需要这样做。
在http { }里面增加：
geo $limited {
default 1;
127.0.0.1/32 0;
192.168.100.0/24 0;
}
map $limited $limit {
1 $binary_remote_addr;
0 "";
}
原来的 “limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr ” 改为“limit_req_zone $limit”
完整示例：
http {
geo $limited {
default 1;
127.0.0.1/32 0;
192.168.100.0/24 0;
}
map $limited $limit {
1 $binary_remote_addr;
0 "";
}
limit_req_zone $limit zone=test:10m rate=1r/s;
server {
location ^~ /download/ {
limit_req zone=testburst=5;
}
}
}
实验：分别添加配置文件
[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim ../nginx.conf
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=test:10m;
limit_conn_status 503;
limit_conn_log_level error;
log_format main '$remote_addr
[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.1.com;
index index.html;
root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
access_log /tmp/1.log;
location /
{
limit_conn test2;
}
}
[root@centos-03 vhost]# yum install -y httpd （安装apache支持ab命令）
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1 www.1.com （添加host）
压测
[root@centos-03 vhost]# ab -n 5 -c 5 http://www.1.com/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking www.1.com (be patient).....done
Server Software: nginx/1.14.0
Server Hostname: www.1.com
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /
Document Length: 10 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 0.002 seconds
Complete requests: 5
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 1200 bytes
HTML transferred: 50 bytes
Requests per second: 2403.85 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 2.080 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.416 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 563.40 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.1 0 0
Processing: 1 1 0.1 1 1
Waiting: 1 1 0.0 1 1
Total: 1 1 0.1 1 1
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 1
66% 1
75% 1
80% 1
90% 1
95% 1
98% 1
99% 1
100% 1 (longest request)
[root@centos-03 vhost]#
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat /tmp/1.log （效果不明显文件太小了无压力）
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:20:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 10 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:20:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 10 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:20:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 10 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:20:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 10 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:20:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 10 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:52:39 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 503 213 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:52:39 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 503 213 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:52:39 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 200 12799471 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:07:52:39 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 200 12799471 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
nginx访问控制-限速2
1.限制速度添加配置选项
[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.1.com;
index index.html;
root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
access_log /tmp/1.log;
location /
{
#limit_conn aming 2;
limit_rate 10k;
}
}
[root@centos-03 vhost]#
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 vhost]#
2.浏览器测试下载速度，在本地添加host配置
3.下载速度变成每秒10k左右
4.改为限制为1000试试
access_log /tmp/1.log;
location /
{
#limit_conn aming 2;
limit_rate 1000k;
}
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 vhost]#
nginx访问控制-限速3
1.添加配置文件
[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim ../nginx.conf
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=aming:10m;
limit_conn_status 503;
limit_conn_log_level error;
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=aming1:10m rate=2r/s;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" $host $server_port';
2.配置虚拟主机配置文件
[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.1.com;
index index.html;
root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
access_log /tmp/1.log;
#location /
#{
#limit_conn aming 2;
#limit_rate 1000k;
#}
limit_req zone=aming1 burst=5;
}
3.ab请求测试
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 vhost]# ab -n 10 -c 10 http://www.1.com/filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking www.1.com (be patient).....done
Server Software: nginx/1.14.0
Server Hostname: www.1.com
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm
Document Length: 213 bytes
Concurrency Level: 10
Time taken for tests: 2.509 seconds
Complete requests: 10
Failed requests: 6
(Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 6, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors: 0
Non-2xx responses: 4
Total transferred: 76799974 bytes
HTML transferred: 76797678 bytes
Requests per second: 3.98 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 2509.443 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 250.944 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 29887.10 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.1 0 0
Processing: 2 756 952.9 507 2508
Waiting: 1 752 950.0 501 2502
Total: 2 756 952.9 507 2508
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 507
66% 1008
75% 1508
80% 2012
90% 2508
95% 2508
98% 2508
99% 2508
100% 2508 (longest request)
[root@centos-03 vhost]#
4.查看日志
[root@centos-03 vhost]# tail -n 10 /tmp/1.log
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:20 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 503 213 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:20 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 503 213 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:20 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 503 213 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:20 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 503 213 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:20 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 200 12799471 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:20 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 200 12799471 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:21 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 200 12799471 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:21 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 200 12799471 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:22 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 200 12799471 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Jul/2018:08:28:22 +0800] "GET /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm HTTP/1.0" 200 12799471 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
[root@centos-03 vhost]#
5.添加nodelay（这样限速就不受影响了）
[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.1.com;
index index.html;
root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
access_log /tmp/1.log;
#location /
#{
#limit_conn aming 2;
#limit_rate 1000k;
#}
limit_req zone=aming1 burst=5 nodelay;
}
6.ab测试瞬间完成（生产环境中不建议加nodelay）
[root@centos-03 vhost]# !ab
ab -n 10 -c 10 http://www.1.com/filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking www.1.com (be patient).....done
Server Software: nginx/1.14.0
Server Hostname: www.1.com
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm
Document Length: 213 bytes
Concurrency Level: 10
Time taken for tests: 0.021 seconds
Complete requests: 10
Failed requests: 6
(Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 6, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors: 0
Non-2xx responses: 4
Total transferred: 76799974 bytes
HTML transferred: 76797678 bytes
Requests per second: 469.04 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 21.320 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 2.132 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 3517822.45 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.1 0 0
Processing: 4 14 7.9 20 20
Waiting: 1 4 1.2 4 4
Total: 5 14 7.9 20 20
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 20
66% 20
75% 20
80% 20
90% 20
95% 20
98% 20
99% 20
100% 20 (longest request)