一、二进制格式安装
1、添加mysql用户和mysql组
mariadb（mysql）是以系统用户mysql的身份运行的，因此这里首先创建一个系统用户mysql
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@node1 ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql [root@node1 ~]# id mysql uid=496(mysql) gid=493(mysql) groups=493(mysql)
2、下载二进制格式安装包
mariadb 二进制分发版（类似于windows上的下载解压后可直接运行的绿色软件）的文件名格式为 mariadb-VERSION-OS.tar.gz，其中 VERSION 是版本号，OS表示分发版安装的操作系统类型
可到官网下载：
https://downloads.mariadb.org
3、解压到指定目录,更改安装目录属主属组,并为其创建一个软链接
tar xf mariadb-5.5.36-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local
mv mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64 mariadb-5.5.36
chown -R root.mysql mariadb-5.5.36
ln -s mariadb-5.5.36 mysql
[root@node1 ~]# tar -xf mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local [root@node1 ~]# cd /usr/local [root@node1 local]# ls apache apr apr-util bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64 sbin share src [root@node1 local]# mv mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64 mariadb-5.5.36 [root@node1 local]# chown -R root.mysql mariadb-5.5.36 [root@node1 local]# ln -s mariadb-5.5.36 mysql [root@node1 local]# cd mysql [root@node1 mysql]# ls bin COPYING COPYING.LESSER data docs include INSTALL-BINARY lib man mysql-test README scripts share sql-bench support-files [root@node1 mysql]# less INSTALL-BINARY #查看安装说明 ... The basic commands that you must execute to install and use a MariaDB binary distribution are: shell> groupadd mysql shell> useradd -g mysql mysql shell> cd /usr/local shell> gunzip < /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf - shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql shell> cd mysql shell> chown -R mysql . shell> chgrp -R mysql . shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql shell> chown -R root . shell> chown -R mysql data shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & Note ...
4、通常应将mariadb（mysql）数据存储于逻辑卷上，易于扩展
先创建两个分区/dev/sda3,4
创建pv：
pvcreate /dev/sda{3,4}
创建vg:
vgcreate myvg /dev/sda{3,4}
创建lv:
lvcreate -L 20G -n mydata myvg
格式化：
mke2fs -t ext4 -L MYDATA -b 4096 -m 3 /dev/myvg/mydata
修改/etc/fstab文件，使其能够自动挂载
LABEL=MYDATA（或UUID或/dev/mapper/myvg-lvdata) /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0
创建挂载点
mkdir /mydata
mount -a
在/mydata下创建data目录，并修改其属主属组
mkdir /mydata/data
chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data
这样，mariadb的数据目录就创建好了
[root@node1 mysql]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000f3804
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1332 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1332 1593 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (1593-3916, default 1593):
Using default value 1593
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1593-3916, default 3916):
Using default value 3916
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (1593-3916, default 1593):
Using default value 1593
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1593-3916, default 3916): +10G
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-5): 5
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 5 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000f3804
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1332 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1332 1593 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 1593 3916 18666534 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 1593 2898 10489417+ 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@node1 mysql]# partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
[root@node1 mysql]# partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 4
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 5
[root@node1 mysql]# pvcreate /dev/sda5
Physical volume "/dev/sda5" successfully created
[root@node1 mysql]# vgcreate myvg /dev/sda5
Volume group "myvg" successfully created
[root@node1 mysql]# lvcreate -L 5G -n mydata myvg
Logical volume "mydata" created
[root@node1 mysql]# mke2fs -t ext4 -L MYDATA -b 4096 -m 3 /dev/myvg/mydata
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=MYDATA
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
39321 blocks (3.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/fstab
...
LABEL=MYDATA /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@node1 mysql]# mkdir -p /mydata/data
[root@node1 mysql]# mount -a
[root@node1 mysql]# mount
/dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
/dev/mapper/myvg-mydata on /mydata type ext4 (rw)
[root@node1 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data
[root@node1 mysql]# ls -ld /mydata/data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 3 11:36 /mydata/data 5、配置文件
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak（若存在其它版本的配置文件，则将其屏蔽）
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@node1 mysql]# ls support-files/ #support-files目录下存放着适用于各种内存大小的配置文件及服务脚本等 binary-configure config.medium.ini magic my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf my-medium.cnf mysqld_multi.server mysql.server SELinux config.huge.ini config.small.ini my-huge.cnf my-large.cnf my-small.cnf mysql-log-rotate ndb-config-2-node.ini solaris [root@node1 mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
6、修改数据目录和socket路径
vim /etc/my.cnf
添加datadir = /mydata/data(你所指定的数据目录）
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #某些程序或模块通过unix socket连接同机的mysql服务时默认指向的socket路径是/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[root@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf ... [client] #password = your_password port = 3306 #socket = /tmp/mysql.sock socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #宜修改socket路径为该值 # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MariaDB server [mysqld] port = 3306 #socket = /tmp/mysql.sock socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #宜修改socket路径为该值 skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 256M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 256 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 8 query_cache_size= 16M datadir = /mydata/data #添加这一项 [root@node2 ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config ... socket='/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' ...
7、初始化数据库
cd /usr/local/mysql
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data/
[root@node1 mysql]# ls scripts/ mysql_install_db [root@node1 mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/mydata/data' ... OK Filling help tables... OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: './bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password' './bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h node1 password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run: './bin/mysql_secure_installation' which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or the MySQL manual for more instructions. You can start the MariaDB daemon with: cd '.' ; ./bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/mydata/data' You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl cd './mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/. You can find additional information about the MySQL part at: http://dev.mysql.com Support MariaDB development by buying support/new features from SkySQL Ab. You can contact us about this at [email protected]. Alternatively consider joining our community based development effort: http://mariadb.com/kb/en/contributing-to-the-mariadb-project/ [root@node1 mysql]# ls /mydata/data/ aria_log.00000001 aria_log_control mysql mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.index performance_schema test
8、服务脚本
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld (服务脚本）
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
[root@node1 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld [root@node1 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld [root@node1 mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on [root@node1 mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
9、启动mysqld服务，并查看3306端口是否已处于监听状态
service mysqld start
ss -tnl
[root@node1 mysql]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL... SUCCESS! [root@node1 mysql]# ss -tnl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 :::58351 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::* LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 0 128 *:50903 *:* LISTEN 0 10 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6011 *:* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:*
10、设置PATH环境变量
vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile
[root@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH [root@node1 mysql]# source !$ source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
11、导出帮助文件
vim /etc/man.config
MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
[root@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/man.config MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
12、导出头文件
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
[root@node1 mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql
13、导出lib库
vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib
[root@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf /usr/local/mysql/lib
二、源码编译安装
1、安装cmake及其它一些编译所依赖的包
yum -y install cmake gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel libxml2-devel openssl-devel [bison] [libaio]
编译mysql/mariadb需要使用cmake，cmake的重要特性之一是其独立于源码(out-of-source)的编译功能，即编译工作可以在另一个指定的目录中而非源码目录中进行，这可以保证源码目录不受任何一次编译的影响，因此在同一个源码树上可以进行多次不同的编译，如针对于不同平台编译。
2、编译安装mariadb-10.0.13
⑴下载源码并解压
tar xf mariadb-10.0.13.tar.gz
cd mariadb_10.0.13
⑵使用cmake配置需要编译的功能
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mydata/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
说明：
①cmake指定编译选项的方式不同于make，其实现方式对比如下：
cmake .-LH 或 ccmake . #查看可编译的选项，相当于./configure --help
cmake . #配置需要编译的功能，相当于./configure
②指定安装文件的安装路径时常用的选项：
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc
③默认编译的存储引擎包括：csv、myisam、myisammrg和heap。若要安装其它存储引擎，可以使用类似如下编译选项：
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
④若要明确指定不编译某存储引擎，可以使用类似如下的选项：
-DWITHOUT_<ENGINE>_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
比如：
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITHOUT_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
⑤如若要编译进其它功能，如SSL等，则可使用类似如下选项来实现编译时使用某库或不使用某库：
-DWITH_READLINE=1
-DWITH_SSL=system
-DWITH_ZLIB=system
-DWITH_LIBWRAP=0
⑥其它常用的选项：
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci #默认的排序规则
-DWITH_DEBUG=0
-DENABLE_PROFILING=1 #启用性能剖析功能
⑦如果想清理此前的编译所生成的文件，则需要使用如下命令：
make clean
rm CMakeCache.txt
⑶make && make install
后续步骤同上，不再赘述
[root@node3 ~]# yum -y install cmake gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel libxml2-devel openssl-devel bison ... [root@node3 ~]# tar xf mariadb-10.0.13.tar.gz [root@node3 ~]# cd mariadb-10.0.13 [root@node3 mariadb-10.0.13]# ls BUILD CMakeLists.txt COPYING debian include libmysql mysql-test pcre scripts storage TODO win BUILD-CMAKE cmd-line-utils COPYING.LESSER Docs INSTALL-SOURCE libmysqld mysys plugin sql strings unittest zlib client config.h.cmake CREDITS EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT INSTALL-WIN-SOURCE libservices mysys_ssl randgen sql-bench support-files VERSION cmake configure.cmake dbug extra KNOWN_BUGS.txt man packaging README sql-common tests vio [root@node3 mariadb-10.0.13]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mydata/data \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci ... ... -- Configuring done -- Generating done CMake Warning: Manually-specified variables were not used by the project: SYSCONFDIR -- Build files have been written to: /root/mariadb-10.0.13 [root@node3 mariadb-10.0.13]# ls | grep 'Cache' CMakeCache.txt #经过cmake处理后会生成该文件 [root@node3 mariadb-10.0.13]# make && make install ...