1.數據卷的概念
先來看看Docker的理念:
- 將運用與運行的環境打包形成容器運行 ,運行可以伴隨着容器,但是我們對數據的要求希望是持久化的
- 容器之間希望有可能共享數據
Docker容器產生的數據,如果不通過docker commit生成新的鏡像,使得數據做爲鏡像的一部分保存下來,那麼當容器刪除後,數據自然也就沒有了。爲了能保存數據在docker中我們使用卷。
一句話:有點類似我們Redis裏面的rdb和aof文件
2.數據卷的作用
卷就是目錄或文件,存在於一個或多個容器中,由docker掛載到容器,但不屬於聯合文件系統,因此能夠繞過Union File System提供一些用於持續存儲或共享數據的特性:
卷的設計目的就是數據的持久化,完全獨立於容器的生存週期,因此Docker不會在容器刪除時刪除其掛載的數據卷
特點:
1:數據卷可在容器之間共享或重用數據
2:卷中的更改可以直接生效
3:數據卷中的更改不會包含在鏡像的更新中
4:數據卷的生命週期一直持續到沒有容器使用它爲止
容器的持久化
容器間繼承+共享數據
3.數據卷的操作
3.1.直接命令添加
語法:
docker run -it -v /宿主機絕對路徑目錄:/容器內目錄 鏡像名
示例:
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -di --name=mycentos0727 -v /localdata:/containerdata centos:7
c54a48d9e8479c7518d9aa4edd6cae5c9f453ceea878cd6d71423896f4f37724
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c54a48d9e847 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 15 seconds ago Up 14 seconds mycentos0727
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mycentos0727 /bin/bash
[root@c54a48d9e847 /]# ls -l
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12082 Mar 5 17:36 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 5 17:34 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 17 19:55 containerdata
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 340 Jun 17 19:55 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Jun 17 19:55 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 5 17:34 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Mar 5 17:34 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 119 root root 0 Jun 17 19:55 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 114 Mar 5 17:36 root
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 21 Jun 17 19:55 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Mar 5 17:34 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Jun 10 16:40 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Mar 5 17:36 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Mar 5 17:34 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Mar 5 17:34 var
[root@c54a48d9e847 /]# cd containerdata/
[root@c54a48d9e847 containerdata]# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 19:58 1.txt
[root@c54a48d9e847 containerdata]# cat 1.txt
[root@c54a48d9e847 containerdata]# cat 1.txt
23423432
234234234
[root@c54a48d9e847 containerdata]#
查看數據卷是否掛載成功
docker inspect 容器ID
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": [
"/localdata:/containerdata"
],
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "journald",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
容器和宿主機之間數據共享
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -di --name=mycentos0727 -v /localdata:/containerdata centos:7
c54a48d9e8479c7518d9aa4edd6cae5c9f453ceea878cd6d71423896f4f37724
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c54a48d9e847 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 15 seconds ago Up 14 seconds mycentos0727
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mycentos0727 /bin/bash
[root@c54a48d9e847 /]# ls -l
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12082 Mar 5 17:36 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 5 17:34 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 17 19:55 containerdata
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 340 Jun 17 19:55 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Jun 17 19:55 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 5 17:34 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Mar 5 17:34 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 119 root root 0 Jun 17 19:55 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 114 Mar 5 17:36 root
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 21 Jun 17 19:55 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Mar 5 17:34 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Jun 10 16:40 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Mar 5 17:36 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Mar 5 17:34 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Mar 5 17:34 var
[root@c54a48d9e847 /]# cd containerdata/
[root@c54a48d9e847 containerdata]# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 19:58 1.txt
[root@c54a48d9e847 containerdata]# cat 1.txt
[root@c54a48d9e847 containerdata]# cat 1.txt
23423432
234234234
[root@c54a48d9e847 containerdata]
[root@localhost localdata]# pwd
/localdata
[root@localhost localdata]# ll
總用量 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 19 6月 18 03:59 1.txt
[root@localhost localdata]# cat 1.txt
23423432
234234234
[root@localhost localdata]#
容器停止退出後,主機修改後數據是否同步
容器先停止退出
docker stop c54a48d9e847
主機修改文件
容器重新啓動
docker start c54a48d9e847
docker exec -it mycentos0727 /bin/bash
查看掛載的目錄文件
[root@c54a48d9e847 /]# cd containerdata/
[root@c54a48d9e847 containerdata]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 19 Jun 17 19:59 1.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1555 Jun 17 20:14 2.txt
[root@c54a48d9e847 containerdata]# cat 2.txt
發現內容還是同步的.
備註:
命令:
docker run -it -v /宿主機絕對路徑目錄:/容器內目錄:ro 鏡像名
3.2.DockerFile添加
根目錄下新建mydocker文件夾並進入
可在Dockerfile中使用VOLUME指令來給鏡像添加一個或多個數據卷
VOLUME["/dataVolumeContainer","/dataVolumeContainer2","/dataVolumeContainer3"]
說明:
出於可移植和分享的考慮,用-v 主機目錄:容器目錄這種方法不能夠直接在Dockerfile中實現。
由於宿主機目錄是依賴於特定宿主機的,並不能夠保證在所有的宿主機上都存在這樣的特定目錄。
- File構建
[root@localhost /]# mkdir mydocker
[root@localhost /]# cd mydocker
[root@localhost /mydocker]# vi mydockerfile
# volume test
FROM centos
VOLUME ["/dataVolumeContainer1","/dataVolumeContainer2"]
CMD echo "finished,--------success1"
CMD /bin/bash
- build後生成鏡像
[root@localhost mydocker]# docker build -f /mydocker/mydockerfile -t bruceliu/centos9527 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB
Step 1/4 : FROM centos
---> 9f38484d220f
Step 2/4 : VOLUME /dataVolumeContainer1 /dataVolumeContainer2
---> Running in 1b286372176e
---> 96c20bf65a22
Removing intermediate container 1b286372176e
Step 3/4 : CMD echo "finished,--------success1"
---> Running in 316de82a95a1
---> 763314c45154
Removing intermediate container 316de82a95a1
Step 4/4 : CMD /bin/bash
---> Running in 4926a2fb1fa3
---> 071e944a589b
Removing intermediate container 4926a2fb1fa3
Successfully built 071e944a589b
[root@localhost mydocker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
bruceliu/centos9527 latest 071e944a589b 41 seconds ago 202 MB
bruceliu/tomcat 7-jre7 a66f9aba334d 4 hours ago 359 MB
docker.io/tomcat 7-jre7 47c156f4d4e3 4 weeks ago 359 MB
docker.io/mysql latest 7bb2586065cd 2 months ago 477 MB
docker.io/centos 7 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202 MB
docker.io/centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202 MB
獲得一個新鏡像bruceliu/centos9527
- run容器
[root@localhost mydocker]# docker run -it 071e944a589b /bin/bash
[root@84e0c3a6dcdf /]# ls -l
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12082 Mar 5 17:36 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 5 17:34 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 17 21:17 dataVolumeContainer1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 17 21:18 dataVolumeContainer2
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 Jun 17 21:18 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Jun 17 21:17 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 5 17:34 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Mar 5 17:34 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 119 root root 0 Jun 17 21:18 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 114 Mar 5 17:36 root
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 21 Jun 17 21:18 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Mar 5 17:34 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Jun 10 16:40 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Mar 5 17:36 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Mar 5 17:34 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Mar 5 17:34 var
通過上述步驟,容器內的卷目錄地址已經知道
對應的主機目錄地址哪??
[root@84e0c3a6dcdf /]# cd dataVolumeContainer
bash: cd: dataVolumeContainer: No such file or directory
[root@84e0c3a6dcdf /]#
[root@84e0c3a6dcdf /]# ls -l
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12082 Mar 5 17:36 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 5 17:34 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 17 21:17 dataVolumeContainer1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 17 21:18 dataVolumeContainer2
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 Jun 17 21:18 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Jun 17 21:17 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 5 17:34 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Mar 5 17:34 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 119 root root 0 Jun 17 21:18 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 114 Mar 5 17:36 root
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 21 Jun 17 21:18 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Mar 5 17:34 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Jun 10 16:40 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Mar 5 17:36 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Mar 5 17:34 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Mar 5 17:34 var
[root@84e0c3a6dcdf /]# cd dataVolumeContainer1
[root@84e0c3a6dcdf dataVolumeContainer1]# pwd
/dataVolumeContainer1
[root@84e0c3a6dcdf dataVolumeContainer1]# touch 1.txt
[root@84e0c3a6dcdf dataVolumeContainer1]#
- 宿主機
[root@localhost _data]# pwd
/var/lib/docker/volumes/47f4c73f4f71d3376b7f3df75e2e6877c50f7c1446a1cc2ebe07d82387b6372b/_data
[root@localhost _data]# ll
總用量 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 6月 18 05:19 1.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 6月 18 05:22 2.txt
備註:
Docker掛載主機目錄Docker訪問出現cannot open directory .: Permission denied
解決辦法:在掛載目錄後多加一個–privileged=true參數即可
4.數據卷容器
4.1.是什麼
命名的容器掛載數據卷,其它容器通過掛載這個(父容器)實現數據共享,掛載數據卷的容器,稱之爲數據卷容器.
4.2.總體介紹
以上一步新建的鏡像bruceliu/cento9527爲模板並運行容器dc01/dc02/dc03
它們已經具有容器卷
/dataVolumeContainer1
/dataVolumeContainer2
4.3.容器間傳遞共享(–volumes-from)
- 先啓動一個父容器dc01
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
bruceliu/centos9527 latest 071e944a589b 17 minutes ago 202 MB
bruceliu/tomcat 7-jre7 a66f9aba334d 4 hours ago 359 MB
docker.io/tomcat 7-jre7 47c156f4d4e3 4 weeks ago 359 MB
docker.io/mysql latest 7bb2586065cd 2 months ago 477 MB
docker.io/centos 7 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202 MB
docker.io/centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202 MB
[root@localhost /]#
[root@localhost /]# docker run -it --name dc01 bruceliu/centos9527
[root@43266366c5bc /]# ls -l
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12082 Mar 5 17:36 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 5 17:34 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 17 21:33 dataVolumeContainer1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 17 21:33 dataVolumeContainer2
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 Jun 17 21:33 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Jun 17 21:33 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 5 17:34 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Mar 5 17:34 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 116 root root 0 Jun 17 21:33 proc
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 114 Mar 5 17:36 root
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 21 Jun 17 21:33 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Mar 5 17:34 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Jun 10 16:40 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Mar 5 17:36 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Mar 5 17:34 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Mar 5 17:34 var
[root@43266366c5bc /]# cd dataVolumeContainer2
[root@43266366c5bc dataVolumeContainer2]# touch dc01_add.txt
dc02/dc03繼承自dc01
命令:–volumes-from
docker run -it --name dc02 --volumes-from dc01 zzyy/centos
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
43266366c5bc bruceliu/centos9527 "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes dc01
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach 43266366c5bc
[root@43266366c5bc dataVolumeContainer2]# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 21:34 dc01_add.txt
[root@43266366c5bc dataVolumeContainer2]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name dc02 --volumes-from dc01 bruceliu/centos9527
[root@8b6c85d88968 /]# cd dataVolumeContainer2
[root@8b6c85d88968 dataVolumeContainer2]# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 21:34 dc01_add.txt
[root@8b6c85d88968 dataVolumeContainer2]# touch dc02_add.txt
[root@8b6c85d88968 dataVolumeContainer2]# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 21:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 21:38 dc02_add.txt
[root@8b6c85d88968 dataVolumeContainer2]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name dc03 --volumes-from dc01 bruceliu/centos9527
[root@2d3ff41a5f00 /]#
[root@2d3ff41a5f00 /]# cd dataVolumeContainer2
[root@2d3ff41a5f00 dataVolumeContainer2]# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 21:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 21:38 dc02_add.txt
[root@2d3ff41a5f00 dataVolumeContainer2]# touch dc03_add.txt
[root@2d3ff41a5f00 dataVolumeContainer2]#
回到dc01可以看到02/03各自添加的都能共享了
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2d3ff41a5f00 bruceliu/centos9527 "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes dc03
8b6c85d88968 bruceliu/centos9527 "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Up 6 seconds dc02
43266366c5bc bruceliu/centos9527 "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Up 9 seconds dc01
[root@localhost /]# docker attach 43266366c5bc
[root@43266366c5bc /]# ls -l
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12082 Mar 5 17:36 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 5 17:34 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 17 21:33 dataVolumeContainer1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 66 Jun 17 21:39 dataVolumeContainer2
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 360 Jun 17 21:41 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 66 Jun 17 21:33 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Mar 5 17:34 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Mar 5 17:34 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 122 root root 0 Jun 17 21:41 proc
dr-xr-x---. 1 root root 27 Jun 17 21:37 root
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 21 Jun 17 21:33 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Mar 5 17:34 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Jun 10 16:40 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 7 root root 132 Mar 5 17:36 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Mar 5 17:34 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 238 Mar 5 17:34 var
[root@43266366c5bc /]# cd dataVolumeContainer2
[root@43266366c5bc dataVolumeContainer2]#
[root@43266366c5bc dataVolumeContainer2]# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 21:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 21:38 dc02_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 21:39 dc03_add.txt
刪除dc01,dc02修改後dc03可否訪問
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2d3ff41a5f00 bruceliu/centos9527 "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes dc03
8b6c85d88968 bruceliu/centos9527 "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Up 3 minutes dc02
[root@localhost /]# docker attach dc02
[root@8b6c85d88968 /]# cd dataVolumeContainer2
[root@8b6c85d88968 dataVolumeContainer2]# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 21:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 21:38 dc02_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 21:39 dc03_add.txt
[root@8b6c85d88968 dataVolumeContainer2]# touch dc02_add_new.txt
[root@8b6c85d88968 dataVolumeContainer2]# exit
exit
[root@localhost /]# docker attach dc03
[root@2d3ff41a5f00 dataVolumeContainer2]# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 21:34 dc01_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 21:38 dc02_add.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 21:45 dc02_add_new.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jun 17 21:39 dc03_add.txt
結論:
容器之間配置信息的傳遞,數據卷的生命週期一直持續到沒有容器使用它爲止