Mysql：常用基本操作命令集

Mysql：常用基本操作命令集

1. 客戶端使用幫助

$ mysql --help
……
  -p, --password[=name] 
                      Password to use when connecting to server. If password is
                      not given it's asked from the tty.
  -P, --port=#        Port number to use for connection or 0 for default to, in
                      order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT,
                      /etc/services, built-in default (3306).
  -h, --host=name     Connect to host.
  -u, --user=name     User for login if not current user.

2. 客戶端連接服務端

服務地址	服務端口	用戶	密碼
127.0.0.1	3306	test1280	1qaz2wsx

• 指定用戶、密碼

mysql -utest1280 -p1qaz@WSX

• 指定用戶、密碼、地址、端口

mysql -utest1280 -p1qaz@WSX -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306

或者：

mysql --user=test1280 --password=1qaz@WSX --host=127.0.0.1 --port=3306

3. 查詢服務端版本號

select version();

更多：Mysql：查看Mysql版本號

4. database的創建、刪除、選擇

創建：mysql> create database test1280;

刪除：mysql> drop database test1280;

選擇：mysql> use test1280;

5. show的使用

顯示 database：

mysql> show databases;
+-------------------------------+
| Database                      |
+-------------------------------+
| information_schema            |
| mysql                         |
| mysql_innodb_cluster_metadata |
| performance_schema            |
| sys                           |
| test1280                      |
+-------------------------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

顯示 table：

mysql> show tables;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_test1280 |
+--------------------+
| userinfo           |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables from test1280;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_test1280 |
+--------------------+
| userinfo           |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

使用like模糊匹配：

mysql> show tables from test1280 like "%user%";
+-----------------------------+
| Tables_in_test1280 (%user%) |
+-----------------------------+
| userinfo                    |
+-----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

顯示系統變量及值：

mysql> show variables like "%version_comment%";
+-----------------+------------------------------+
| Variable_name   | Value                        |
+-----------------+------------------------------+
| version_comment | MySQL Community Server - GPL |
+-----------------+------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

6. 顯示錶信息（結構）

mysql> describe userinfo;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| name  | varchar(16) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

7. 組複製節點狀態查詢

mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME              | MEMBER_ID                            | MEMBER_HOST | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE | MEMBER_ROLE | MEMBER_VERSION |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
| group_replication_applier | 5d4b9ccf-86b6-11e9-bb97-1c4024c099f1 | test1280    |        3306 | ONLINE       | PRIMARY     | 8.0.15         |
| group_replication_applier | 896e52f4-86b2-11e9-9214-1c4024c099fe | test1281    |        3306 | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.15         |
| group_replication_applier | a46e46ef-86b0-11e9-b58e-1c4024c0997c | test1282    |        3306 | ONLINE       | SECONDARY   | 8.0.15         |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

8. 數據導入導出

導出

導出表結構和表數據：

mysqldump -uuser -ppassword -h host      -P port database table    > output.sql
例如：
mysqldump -uroot -p1qaz@WSX -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 test1280 userinfo > table_withdata.sql

導出表結構不帶數據：

mysqldump -uuser -ppassword -h host      -P port -d database table    > output.sql
例如：
mysqldump -uroot -p1qaz@WSX -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 -d test1280 userinfo > table_withoutdata.sql

導出數據庫所有表以及數據：

mysqldump -uuser -ppassword -h host      -P port database > output.sql
例如：
mysqldump -uroot -p1qaz@WSX -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 test1280 > database_withdata.sql

導出數據庫所有表（結構）不含表數據：

mysqldump -uuser -ppassword -h host      -P port -d database > output.sql
例如：
mysqldump -uroot -p1qaz@WSX -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 -d test1280 > database_withoutdata.sql

導出數據庫是多次執行導出表的結果集合。
導出數據庫約等價於遍歷數據庫的每個表，執行表導出操作。

導入

通過source命令執行導出生成的sql結果：
mysql> source ./output.sql
例如：
mysql> source ./table_withdata.sql;
mysql> source ./table_withoutdata.sql;
mysql> source ./database_withdata.sql;
mysql> source ./database_withoutdata.sql;

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未完待續…

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