1、ngx_http_upstream_module
http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.html#upstream
模塊常用功能說明:
1)定義後端集羣web節點信息,定義一個地址的池子
upstream oldboy {
server 10.0.0.7:80;
server 10.0.0.8:80;
server 10.0.0.9:80;
}
2)實現權重值負載訪問功能
upstream oldboy {
server 10.0.0.7:80 weight=3;
server 10.0.0.8:80 weight=1;
server 10.0.0.9:80 weight=1;
}
3)定義後端訪問的失敗次數-max_fails
upstream oldboy {
server 10.0.0.7:80 weight=3 max_fails=3;
server 10.0.0.8:80 weight=1 max_fails=3;
server 10.0.0.9:80 weight=1 max_fails=3;
}
4)定義後端失敗重試的間隔-fail_timeout
upstream oldboy {
server 10.0.0.7:80 weight=3 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=10s;
server 10.0.0.8:80 weight=1 max_fails=3;
server 10.0.0.9:80 weight=1 max_fails=3;
}
說明:在嘗試多次失敗後,在超時時間過去之後,會再給相應節點一次機會
5)定義後端服務的熱備節點-backup
upstream oldboy {
server 10.0.0.7:80;
server 10.0.0.8:80;
server 10.0.0.9:80 backup;
}
模塊常用調度算法:
1)定義輪詢調度算法-rr-默認調度算法
採取平均分配
2)定義權重調度算法-wrr
能者多勞
3)定義靜態調度算法-ip_hash
說明:配置ip_hash時,一定不能和backup與weight參數同時出現
upstream oldboy {
ip_hash;
server 10.0.0.7:80;
server 10.0.0.8:80;
server 10.0.0.9:80 backup;
}
4)定義最小的連接數-least_conn
upstream oldboy {
least_conn;
server 10.0.0.7:80;
server 10.0.0.8:80;
server 10.0.0.9:80 backup;
}
2、ngx_http_proxy_module
http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html#proxy_pass
模塊常用功能:
proxy_set_header --- 設置反向代理服務器到web服務器的HTTP請求報文中的頭部信息
說明:通過該配置,可以實現訪問負載均衡看到不同虛擬主機頁面信息
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.etiantian.org;
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
proxy_pass http://oldboy;
proxy_set_header host $host;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
proxy_set_header host $host;
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
proxy_pass http://oldboy;
proxy_set_header host $host;
}
}
說明:實現用戶訪問反向代理服務,讓web服務器日誌中記錄真實用戶IP地址信息
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.etiantian.org;
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
proxy_pass http://oldboy;
proxy_set_header host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
proxy_pass http://oldboy;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
}
}