python獲取全國各個城市pm2.5、臭氧等空氣質量

隨着國家發展，中國很多城市的空氣質量其實並不好，國家氣象局會有實時統計，但是要去寫爬蟲爬取是十分麻煩的事情，並且官方網站也會做一些反爬蟲措施，所以實現起來比較麻煩，最好的辦法就是使用現成的免費接口，空氣質量指數分析，這裏是筆者自己實現的一個python調用方式，代碼如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# flake8: noqa
__author__ = 'wukong'

import urllib
from urllib import urlencode

#配置您申請的appKey和openId
app_key="***"
open_id="***"

"""
request_url 請求地址
params 請求參數
method 請求方法

"""
def request_content(request_url,params,method):
    params = urlencode(params)
    
    if method and method.lower() =="get":
        f = urllib.urlopen("%s?%s" % (request_url, params))
    else:
        f = urllib.urlopen(request_url, params)
 
    content = f.read()
    print content

   
def main():
    
    domain="http://api.xiaocongjisuan.com/";
    servlet="life/air/analysis"
    method="get"
    request_url=domain+servlet
    
    #字典
    params ={}
    params["appKey"]=app_key
    params["openId"]=open_id
    
    #變動部分
    params["city"]="成都"
    
    request_content(request_url,params,method)
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

java版的代碼可以參考如下代碼：

package com.xiaocongjisuan.module.example;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Application {
    
     public static final String DEF_CHATSET = "UTF-8";
     public static final int DEF_CONN_TIMEOUT = 30000;
     public static final int DEF_READ_TIMEOUT = 30000;
     public static String userAgent =  "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.1547.66 Safari/537.36";
     
     //配置您申請的appKey和openId
     public static final String APP_KEY ="yours";
     public static final String OPEN_ID ="yours";
     
     //將map型轉爲請求參數型
     public static String urlEncode(Map<String,Object> params) {
        
        if(params==null){return "";};
         
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (Map.Entry<String,Object> i : params.entrySet()) {
            try {
                sb.append(i.getKey()).append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode(i.getValue()+"","UTF-8")).append("&");
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        String r=sb.toString();
        if(r.endsWith("&")){
            r = r.substring(0,r.length()-1);
        }
        return r;
     }
     
     /**
     *
     * @param requestUrl 請求地址
     * @param params 請求參數
     * @param method 請求方法
     * @return 請求結果
     * @throws Exception
     */
     public static String requestContent(String requestUrl, Map<String,Object> params,String method) throws Exception {
        
        HttpURLConnection conn = null;
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        String rs = null;
        try {

            //組裝請求鏈接
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            
            if(method!=null&&method.equalsIgnoreCase("get")){
                requestUrl = requestUrl+"?"+urlEncode(params);
            }

            //默認get
            URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
            conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
            
            if(method!=null&&method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")){
                 conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
                 conn.setDoOutput(true);
                 conn.setDoInput(true);
            }

            //參數配置
            conn.setRequestProperty("User-agent", userAgent);
            conn.setUseCaches(false);
            conn.setConnectTimeout(DEF_CONN_TIMEOUT);
            conn.setReadTimeout(DEF_READ_TIMEOUT);
            conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
            conn.connect();
            
            if (params!= null && method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) {
                try {
                    DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());
                    out.writeBytes(urlEncode(params));
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            
            //讀取數據
            InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, DEF_CHATSET));
            String strRead = null;
            while ((strRead = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                sb.append(strRead);
            }
            rs = sb.toString();
            
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (reader != null) {
                reader.close();
            }
            if (conn != null) {
                conn.disconnect();
            }
        }
        return rs;
    }
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        
        String domain="http://api.xiaocongjisuan.com/";
        String servlet="life/air/analysis";
        String method="get";
        
        String requestUrl=domain+servlet;
        Map<String,Object> params=new HashMap<String,Object>();
        params.put("appKey",APP_KEY);
        params.put("openId",OPEN_ID);

        //變動部分
        params.put("city","成都");
        
        
        String result=requestContent(requestUrl,params,method);
        System.out.println(result);
    }
}