学习:掌握硬盘的挂载
第一步
查看硬盘盘符和目录之间的关系
lsblk -f ( 老师不离开首字母)
[root@node01 disk1]# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 ext4 7cc94e03-8b1a-4845-97fb-49a2c39afd8c /boot
├─sda2 ext4 fe1d0eea-50ea-4d44-853b-1c39e5129021 /
├─sda3 ext4 df147f0a-efbd-4370-8e69-471b81a6ee7c /mnt/disk1
├─sda4
├─sda5 ext4 ea0d589d-a329-4bfc-a00b-11c00351765a /mnt/disk2
└─sda6 swap f306ece0-a790-41d7-b685-63585b8534e4 [SWAP]
sda :表示第一块物理硬盘(sdb 表示第二块物理硬盘)
sda1:这块物理硬盘的第一个分区
ext4:这个分区使用的文件系统格式
7cc94e03-8b1a-4845-97fb-49a2c39afd8c:这个盘符的唯一ID(唯一标识)
/boot: 这个盘符所挂载的目录
[SWAP]: 交换分区(在安装操作系统时人为设置)【在大数据集群中,安装集群式必须将交换分区关闭掉】
交换分区:有大量数据需要写入内存时,物理内存不足将剩余的为写入的数据写入交换分区(交换分区理论上时物理内存大小的1-2倍)
第二步
在vm 虚拟机中添加硬盘
添加完硬盘后,需要重启linux 系统,重启以后,使用lsblk -f 查看
[root@node01 ~]# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 ext4 7cc94e03-8b1a-4845-97fb-49a2c39afd8c /boot
├─sda2 ext4 fe1d0eea-50ea-4d44-853b-1c39e5129021 /
├─sda3 ext4 df147f0a-efbd-4370-8e69-471b81a6ee7c /mnt/disk1
├─sda4
├─sda5 ext4 ea0d589d-a329-4bfc-a00b-11c00351765a /mnt/disk2
└─sda6 swap f306ece0-a790-41d7-b685-63585b8534e4 [SWAP]
sdb
sr0 iso9660 CentOS_6.9_Final
sdb:就是新添加的硬盘
第二种查看磁盘分区的方法
fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00040944
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 2637 20971520 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 2637 3681 8386560 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 3681 5222 12379136 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 3681 4700 8183808 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 4700 5222 4193280 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
有编号的硬盘表示已经进行了分区
/dev/sda1
/dev/sda2
没有编号的表示没有分区
/dev/sdb
第三步
对磁盘进行分区
分区命令: fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xe6cfcb3e.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won’t be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to
sectors (command ‘u’).
Command (m for help):
m: 表示帮助信息(n: 添加新的分区 w: 保存)
输入n
Command (m for help): n(添加分区)
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p(创建主分区)
Partition number (1-4): 1(第一个分区)
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): 1(第一个分区的开始)
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1305, default 1305): 650(第一个分区的结束)
Command (m for help): n(继续添加分区)
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p(创建主分区)
Partition number (1-4): 2 第二个分区
First cylinder (651-1305, default 651): (第二个分区的开始)
Using default value 651
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (651-1305, default 1305): (第二个分区的结束)
Using default value 1305
Command (m for help): w(保存)
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
分区结束
查看分区结果
fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xe6cfcb3e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 650 5221093+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 651 1305 5261287+ 83 Linux
lsblk -f
[root@node01 ~]# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 ext4 7cc94e03-8b1a-4845-97fb-49a2c39afd8c /boot
├─sda2 ext4 fe1d0eea-50ea-4d44-853b-1c39e5129021 /
├─sda3 ext4 df147f0a-efbd-4370-8e69-471b81a6ee7c /mnt/disk1
├─sda4
├─sda5 ext4 ea0d589d-a329-4bfc-a00b-11c00351765a /mnt/disk2
└─sda6 swap f306ece0-a790-41d7-b685-63585b8534e4 [SWAP]
sdb
├─sdb1
└─sdb2
格式化/dev/sdb1
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
326400 inodes, 1305273 blocks
65263 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1337982976
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8160 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
格式化/dev/sdb2
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb2
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
329312 inodes, 1315321 blocks
65766 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1350565888
41 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8032 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 25 mounts or
格式完毕后结果
[root@node01 ~]# lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 ext4 7cc94e03-8b1a-4845-97fb-49a2c39afd8c /boot
├─sda2 ext4 fe1d0eea-50ea-4d44-853b-1c39e5129021 /
├─sda3 ext4 df147f0a-efbd-4370-8e69-471b81a6ee7c /mnt/disk1
├─sda4
├─sda5 ext4 ea0d589d-a329-4bfc-a00b-11c00351765a /mnt/disk2
└─sda6 swap f306ece0-a790-41d7-b685-63585b8534e4 [SWAP]
sdb
├─sdb1 ext4 03fe5cd8-1922-4287-8973-32e5c0cf7a8a
└─sdb2 ext4 d3044065-bd15-410d-a76c-cf812914cf12
sr0 iso9660 CentOS_6.9_Final