<div class="output_wrapper" id="output_wrapper_id" style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.6; word-spacing: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;"><h2 id="h" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">前言</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">在日常工作中，我們所經常使用的 Linux 服務器操作系統，無論是要查看網絡設備的信息、管理網絡接口、下載文件、調試網絡問題還是查看網絡的統計數據，都可以在終端下用命令來完成。</p>
<h2 id="hifconfigipa" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ifconfig / ip a</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">命令 ifconfig 與 ip a 是類似的，用於輸出網絡接口配置、調優等各種選項，可便捷的查看 IP 地址和其它網絡接口的信息以及查看所有啓用的網絡接口的狀態、名字或指定網絡接口名字來顯示一個接口的信息。</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># ip a</span></pre>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># ifconfig</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># ifconfig ens32</span>
<h2 id="hifdownifup" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ifdown / ifup</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">ifdown 和 ifup 跟命令 ifconfig down 和 ifconfig up 功能是一致的，主要用來給指定網絡接口名來操作啓用或禁用的狀態，在 Ubuntu 上需要 root 權限可使用 sudo 來執行。</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># sudo ifdown eth0</span></pre>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># sudo ifup eth0</span>
<h2 id="hping" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ping</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">ping 發送報文到指定的 IP 地址，可測試聯通性，使用 -c 參數，可以指定發送報文包的個數。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">執行 ping 命令將使用 ICMP 傳輸協議。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">如能 ping 通將進行輸出要求響應的信息，ping 不通時，將顯示沒有路由或拒絕等相關性的響應信息，可根據輸出信息來解決具體的網絡情況；</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"># <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">ping</span> <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">-c</span> 4 <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">www</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.baidu</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.com</span></pre>
<h2 id="htracepathtraceroute" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">tracepath / traceroute</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">tracepath 和 traceroute 命令功能類似，不需要root權限。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">Ubuntu 是預裝了 tracepath 命令，traceroute 命令沒有預裝。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">tracepath 命令：可以追蹤出到指定目的地址的網絡路徑，並進行輸出了每個路徑上的每一跳地址信息，當網絡出現問題或是慢了，可使用 tracepath 命令可以查出網絡在哪裏斷了或是慢了。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">traceroute 命令：用來追蹤網絡數據包的路由路徑，數據包大小預設是 40Bytes。數據包從一個出發點到一個目的地，走的路由路徑可能會不太一樣，但大致上是相同的。</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"># <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">tracepath</span> <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">www</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.baidu</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.com</span></pre>
# <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">traceroute</span> <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">www</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.baidu</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.com</span>
<h2 id="hmtr" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">mtr</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">mtr 命令：是把 ping 命令和 tracepath 命令合二爲一了。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">mtr 會持續發包，並顯示 Host Address 和每一跳 ping 所用的時間等；</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"># <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">mtr</span> <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">www</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.github</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.com</span></pre>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">按鍵q或ctrl+c來進行退出。</p>
<figure style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><img src="http://q0a6rqubz.bkt.clouddn....; alt="" title="" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;"><figcaption style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 0.7em;"></figcaption></figure>
<h2 id="hifplugstatus" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ifplugstatus</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">Ubuntu 操作系統上是沒有安裝這個命令的，可通過下面的命令來安裝：</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># sudo apt install ifplugd</span></pre>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">ifplugstatus 命令：用來查看所有網絡接口的狀態，也可以指定網絡接口；</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># ifplugstatus</span></pre>
<span class="hljs-section" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">lo: link beat detected</span>
<span class="hljs-section" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">ens32: link beat detected</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># ifplugstatus ens32</span>
<span class="hljs-section" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">ens32: link beat detected</span>
<h2 id="hcurlwget" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">curl / wget</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">使用 curl 或 wget 命令，可直接在終端下載文件。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">curl 需在後面加一個參數選項：-O 再跟一個文件路徑即可；</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># curl -O http://www.freelogovectors.ne...;/span></pre>
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">100</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">282</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">100</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">282</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">156</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">:</span><span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">00</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">:</span><span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">01</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">:</span><span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">00</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">:</span><span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">01</span> --<span class="hljs-symbol" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">:--</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">:--</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">156</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># ll | grep ubuntu_logo.png </span>
-rw-r--r-- <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">1</span> root root <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">282</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">10</span>月 <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">29</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">16</span><span class="hljs-symbol" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">:</span><span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">49</span> ubuntu_logo.png
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">wget 不需要任何參數選項，所下載的文件將存放置當前目錄下；</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># wget http:<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">//www.freelogovectors.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/ubuntu_logo.png</span></span></pre>
<span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># ll | grep ubuntu_logo.png </span>
-rw-r--r-- <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">1</span> root root <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">95737</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">12</span>月 <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">13</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">2016</span> ubuntu_logo.png
<h2 id="hhost" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">host</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">host 命令：用來做 DNS 查詢。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">如果命令參數是域名，命令會輸出關聯的 IP；如果命令參數是 IP，命令則會輸出關聯的域名。</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># host www.sina.com</span></pre>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># host IP Address</span>
<h2 id="hwhois" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">whois</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">whois 命令：用於輸出指定站點的 whois 記錄等信息。</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"># <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">whois</span> <span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">www</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.github</span><span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.com</span></pre>
<h2 id="hnetstat" style="color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em;"><span style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">netstat</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">netstat 命令：用於顯示網絡接口的統計信息，包括打開的 socket 和 路由表。</p>
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">-p：可以顯示打開的 socket 對應的程序。</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"># netstat -p</pre>
激活Internet連接 (w/o 服務器)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">Local</span> Address Foreign Address State PID/<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">Program</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">name</span>
tcp <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> jacktian-<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">virtual</span>-ma:ssh <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">192.168</span>.<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">1.124</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">44284</span> ESTABLISHED <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">4285</span>/sshd: root@pts
活躍的UNIX域套接字 (w/o 服務器)
Proto RefCnt Flags <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">Type</span> State I-Node PID/<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">Program</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">name</span> 路徑
unix <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">2</span> [ ] 數據報 <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">59572</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">4296</span>/systemd /run/user/<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span>/systemd/notify
unix <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">2</span> [ ] 數據報 <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">49351</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">3344</span>/systemd /run/user/<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">1000</span>/systemd/notify
unix <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">3</span> [ ] 數據報 <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">19222</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">1</span>/init /run/systemd/notify
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">-s：顯示所有端口的詳細統計信息。</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># netstat -s</span></pre>
Ip:
Forwarding: 2
30932 total packets received
2 with invalid headers
11 with invalid addresses
0 forwarded
0 incoming packets discarded
30911 incoming packets delivered
18611 requests sent out
22 outgoing packets dropped
Icmp:
5499 ICMP messages received
3 input ICMP message failed
ICMP接收歷史
destination unreachable: 141
timeout <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">in</span> transit: 5354
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">echo</span> requests: 2
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">echo</span> replies: 2
7523 ICMP messages sent
0 ICMP messages failed
ICMP發出歷史
destination unreachable: 145
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">echo</span> requests: 7376
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">echo</span> replies: 2
<p style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; margin: 1.5em 0px;">例如：結合各項參數，來進行查看 22 端口的信息。</p>
<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># netstat -anpt | grep 22</span></pre>
<span class="hljs-attribute" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">tcp</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0.0.0.0:22</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0.0.0.0</span>: LISTEN <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">979</span>/sshd
tcp <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">36</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">192.168.1.142:22</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">192.168.1.124:44284</span> ESTABLISHED <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">4285</span>/sshd: root<span class="hljs-variable" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(98, 151, 85); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">@pts</span>
tcp6 <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span> :::<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">22</span> ::: LISTEN <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">979</span>/sshd
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